Positive and negative effects of legalizing drugs on the United States economy

The perennial problem of drug abuse has always been a controversial one since questions arise whether a sovereign entity is justified in attempting to curtail personal choice in the question of whether to engage in drugs or not.Opponents of drug use argue that a state has an obligation to protect its people against destruction even though the means to such an end is voluntary since it is generally accepted in accordance to the natural laws that all people have a right to life.Proponents of drug legalization have been quick to point out that human will, cannot be suppressed and it is economically futile to attempt to do so and hence it would be in the states interest to allow those in favor of such a course to indulge without interference. However, there are several moral, health and religious factors that have hindered those in power to actually consider legalizing illegal drug use since such recourse would raise fundamental ethical issues regarding their leadership as directed by th e constitution.Reasons for legalizing drug useThere are several reasons that have led some to clamor for the legalization of drug use. Firstly there are those who feel that the question of drug use is essentially related to personal freedom and that essentially competent adults should be left to decide for themselves if they wanted to engage in self destruction or not. It is not surprising then that some have argued that by the very nature of the state restricting drug use and in addition prosecuting users, the state is contravening the very constitution created to be its guide.Secondly, the United Sates uses a lot of tax payer’s money in their fight against drug use. Enforcement agencies are forced to recruit more personnel in their mandate to find drug traffickers and drug users. These law enforcers need to be remunerated when in active service and in addition are entitled to several benefits during their active service and in their retirement.This tends to make the federal and state government to divert huge funds towards operations of these enforcers and in the wages of their personnel. This in turn leads to shortages in funds which could have been channeled to other development agendas.The economical cost of combating   drug abuse does not end with the police but goes on to necessitate more expenses to be provided for the prosecution of these individuals and also to cater for those charged with the duty of deciding the fate of these supposedly law breakers.As drug consumption increases it leads to a need to hire more prosecution personnel and to avoid a backlog of cases more magistrates are hired to listen and pass sentences. This increases a burden to the tax payers and questions arise as to whether people should essentially pay for the negative choices of competent individuals. Furthermore, most people in American correctional facilities have been put there for drug related offences.The cost of maintaining a prisoner is quite high and it is the refore economically realistic to legalize drugs as a way of reducing expenses and therefore use it as a tool of lessening the budget deficits and to provide more funds to important sectors in the economy (Goode, 97-150).The fight against drug abuse has put America at a collision course with several countries perceived to be supplying drugs to the United Sates. Legalizing drugs would end this hostility improving bilateral relations with those countries and expanding markets for American products and allow investors to work easily in those countries (Friedman, 2009).In addition legalizing drugs would allow for the investment of several billions of drug money in other businesses to help expand the economy, provide employment and reduce other crimes.

Houghton Mifflin Company Essay

World War 1 is the first war in history that I may say, involved the use of technology and advances in science. The ever famous â€Å"mustard gas† was developed by the Germans, and used against the allied forces. Mustard gas is an oily liquid that readily evaporates into a very noxious and toxic gas, and are used in chemical warfare, where it burns the skin and causes very fatal respiratory and lung damages. It was used effectively against bunkers and trenches, where escape was not easy, so the efficiency of the gas is very high. The Allied forces counteract and produced the first ever effective gas mask, made from very fine activated carbon; it absorbs the poisonous gas, preventing severe damage and effect to the allied soldiers. The drawback of this mask was it reduced visibility and made the soldier vulnerable to sniper attacks. World War 1 was also the setting for the first aerial warfare. Airplanes in the form of biplanes (the first type of airplane, it was very light and it resembled the first airplanes developed by the Wright brothers). They converted simple courier and transport planes into aerial and bomber planes, mass produced the most efficient design and further improved its applications. The Germans have early aerial advantage against the allied forces because of its high amount of available fighter planes and the ever famous Zeppelin, a large dirigible or flying balloon used in bombarding and raiding Britain. But the German advantage declined starting the mid-1916 because the British forces gained aerial superiority in the Western front. Aside trench warfare; tanks were also first widely used in World War 1. Light tanks were first manufactured on 1910 and used for small wars and revolts on the British Empire. The Germans also manufactured tanks to cope up with the allied forces. Armored tanks were used later to inflict damage to enemy trenches. Besides tanks, long range artillery was also developed. High powered howitzers and cannons were fired towards enemy trenches and were proven effective against concentrated enemy troops and tanks. On sea, naval warfare was also developed. Large sea vessels carried high powered bombs and can lay siege even to distant enemy camps. The Germans was the first to use submarines on a full scale war on the sea. They can damage enemy ships without being detected or even seen. The submarine was proven to be effective as patrol on enemy sea territory and can be used as a warning if enemy naval ships were mobilized. The famous German submarine was the U-boat. It was used on unrestricted submarine warfare, in which enemy ships were targeted and sunk, even civilian ships. This unrestricted submarine warfare leads the United States to join the war on 1917. The reason was because the German U-boat was a risk to the United States trade policies with European countries. The U-boat has sunk the Lusitania on 1915, a British liner en route to the United States. It carried American citizens, and reports were published that Americans were killed during the attack. These angered the United States, thus declaring war on Germany and the Central Powers. World War 1 was not fought only on Europe. The colonies of European nations involved also joined the war. Japan for instance, joined the Allied forces to obtain German colonies on the pacific. The British expeditionary forces battled the Ottoman Empire on the desert. The expeditionary force led by T. E. Lawrence pushed the Ottoman Empire troops back into Lebanon until its defeat by the Allied forces on September 1918. The Treaty of Versailles ended the war. When the Central powers were defeated, this treaty promised peace all throughout Europe and it was the one who outlined the land and territorial distribution of lands acquired from the Central powers. I was affected by the topic because World War 1 was a very devastating war. Over 20 million casualties were reported on both sides. May were killed and wounded. I know war was against morality. But sometimes, countries and governments were blinded by their ambitions, mostly to obtain power and territories. As stated earlier, war is inevitable. Although the United Nation exists now, war is still happening. Even now, as I write this article, a war is happening, somewhere out there. War can still be prevented up to a certain extent. Peace talks must be initiated to prevent further conflicts, even if war has already broke up. Living in peace is a very good thing. I can help to achieve that, in my own little way, by respecting others’ opinion and properties. If every nation on earth can learn that, I am sure war are sure to be found on History books only. No war will happen once again. Respect is the word. References Andrea, A. J, and Overfield J. H. (1990). The Human record: Sources of Global History. Vol. 2. Boston. Houghton Mifflin Company. Heilbroner, R. H. (1974). An Inquiry into the Human Prospect. New York. Norton and Company. Keilor W. R. (2007). â€Å"World War 1†. Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond. Microsoft Corporation

Cars Plan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 3 Words: 931 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/19 Category Business Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Competitor’s Price Offering Competitor’s Price comparison 1. (Cars) Hyundai| I30(21450$)| Gets (14680$)| Accent (16800$)| Avante/Elantra (21000$)| Sonata NF/YF (22-25400$)| Genesis| Equus| Volkswagen| | Polo (17-24000$)| Golf (25-27000$)| Jetta (27000$)| Passat (34-54000$)| | Phaeton (87000$)| Skoda| | | Fabia (18-22000$)| | Octavia (25-34800$)| | | Mercedes Benz| | | | | C-class (37-45000$)| E-class (49-70000$)| S-class (80-110000$)| Nissan| | | Tiida (27100$)| | | Teana (43500$)| | Ford| | | Focus (27000$)| | Fusion (36-39000$)| | | BMW| | | | | 3-class (38000$-)| 5-class (64000$)| 7-class (108000$)| 2. Minibus Hyundai| Starex (24650-28200$)| Volkswagen| Crafter (57000$) Transporter T4/4WD (58000$)| Mercedes Benz| Spriter (57000$)| Ford| Transit (37000$)| Nissan| Urvan (35000$)| 3. SUV’s Hyundai| Santa Fe (28-29500$)| Tucson (25818$)| Veracruz (41850-43980$)| Ford| Escape (35000$)| Everest (34000$)| Explorer (42000$)| Nissan| X-Trail (38500$)| Muran o (55000$)| X-Terra (42000$)| Volkswagen| | Tiguan (46-54000$)| Toureg (66-72000$)| Mercedes Benz| GLK (48000$-)| ML (58000$-)| GL (90000$-)| BMW| X3 (64000$)| X5 (93000$-)| X6 (108000$-)| â€Å"khet Motors† Company KHET Motors – Toyota Authorized Distributor in Mongolia Over 10 years in the market. * Annual new Toyota car sales during years 2005-2008 ranged from 400 to over 1000 vehicles in Mongolia. * Khet LLC continuously led the market amongst the authorized dealers in Mongolia, during years 2003-2008. Khet was the largest car dealer in Mongolia, annual dealer sales was 200-500 vehicles. Khet revenue in 2008 was near 40 mln US Dollars. * In 2009, Toyota manufacturer has started to fail and the US Congress and international scandals affected Toyota cars import not only to US, but also other countries, such as Toyota import to Mongolia decreased almost 4 times. In 2009, Khet Company significantly lost it market share, mainly to Nissan Dealer, Ford dealer and Korea n car importers in Mongolia. * In 2008, Khet Dealer’s market share was 30. 6% amongst authorized dealers, while Toyota market share was 60% amongst Japanese Cars import. In 2009, Khet LLC dealer market share reduced to 12. 7%, and Toyota vehicle market share decreased to 38. 1% amongst Japanese cars import. Khet Automotive Monnis – Nissan Dealer in Mongolia MONNIS – Nissan Dealer * Monnis started it’s core business as Nissan dealer in Mongolia. Monnis Group is engaged also in other businesses such as became the Liebherr dealer (heavy equipment), involved in the mining, construction and air transportation industries. * Over 10 years in the automotive market. * Annual Nissan new models sales is about 200-400 vehicles. Monnis Dealer Nissan annual sales is 150-300 vehicles. * Monnis Dealer increased its market share from 16% in 2008 to 31% in 2009 amongst automotive dealer’s market. * Most popular models are Nissan â€Å"Patrol† SUV, Nissan à ¢â‚¬Å"X-Trail† medium SUV, â€Å"Teana† – passenger car, â€Å"TIIDA† sedan. Monnis has one of best in Mongolia Nissan Standard Showroom and Dealer Service Facility in downtown, Nissan Customers preferences: Patrol – 40%, X-trail – 26. 56%, Infiniti – 20. 31%, Murano – 6. 25%, Pathfinder -12. 19%, TIIDA, Teana -9. 75%. Nissan Showroom in Ulaanbaatar Wagner Asia Ford and Land Rover Dealer * 10 Years in the Automotive Market * Excellent world class Showroom in Ulaanbaatar (one of best) * Good Product Offering on specialty vehicles and fleet * Targeted market for rich people, selling expensive cars (Range Rovers, Discoveries, Expeditions and etc. ) to mining Companies, qwners and etc. * Annual vehicles sales – over 100 vehicles Ford and Land Rover Showroom in Ulaanbaatar Naran Motors and BMW Business Naran Motors – BMW Dealer established in 2007. Dealer facility has a Showroom, automobile diagnostic center, parts accessories shop, car wash and service center. BMW dealer sales representatives gone through a good training in Thailand and Malaysia. Yet, BMW has a small vehicle population in Mongolia. Annual dealer sales is 10-15 cars. Dealer has offering, thus cannot occupy the larger mass audience. Naran Trade’s core business is engaged in the luxury retail trade and department stores. BMW Showroom in Ulaanbaatar Mongolian Star Melchers (MSM LLC) MB Showroom Construction of New Mercedes Benz Showroom is 90 percent completed by now. Tavan Bogd – Volkswagen Dealer New Showroom * Volkswagen dealer is Tavan Bogd Company, Dealership established in 2005, launched new Showroom facility in 2007, Annual Volkswagen sales in Mongolia is about 30-60 cars. Dealer annual sales is 20-30 vehicles. Tavan Bogd Group is as well a Bridgestone tire distributer for Mongolia, engaged in whole asle trade, hotel and banking businesses. Popular model is â€Å"Touareg† SUV. Street Selling of P re-Owned Vehicle Mongol Hyundai Kia 2009 FORTUNE – 100 COMPANIES BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INDUSTRY | Company| Key Business Engagement| Car Business| Ranking #| 1| Bodi Group International LLC| Banking, Property| Toyota| 3| 2| Nomin Holding| Trade, Stores, Supermarket| Chevrolet| 10| 3| Tavan Bogd Group| Banking, Commercial, Hotel| Volkswagen| 14| 4| Shunkhlai| Fuel, Vehicle service| | 19| | Naran Group| Trade, Stores| BMW| 33| 6| Khurd| Automotive| Russian| 37| 7| Monnis Group| Automotive, Equipment, Mining| Nissan| 41| 8| Bridge Group| Construction, Automotive| Suzuki| 51| 9| Bayangol Hotel JSC| Hotel, Lodging and Catering| Genko Affialiate Company| 85| 10| Khet LLC| Automotive| Toyota| 92| 2008 FORTUNE – 100 COMPANIES BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INDUSTRY | Company| Key Business Engagement| Car Business| Ranking #| 1| Nomin Group| Trade, Stores, Supermarket| Chevrolet| 8| 2| Bodi Group | Banking, Property| Toyota| 9| | Khurd| Automotive| Russian| 11| 4| Tavan Bogd Group| B anking, Commercial, Hotel| Volkswagen| 16| 5| Wagner Asia Equipment| Equipment, Automotive| Ford, LR| 21| 6| Shunkhlai| Fuel, Vehicle service| | 24| 7| Bridge Group| Construction, Automotive| Suzuki| 25| 8| Monnis Group| Automotive, Equipment, Mining| Nissan| 30| 9| Naran Group| Trade, Stores| BMW| 37| 10| Khet LLC| Automotive| Toyota| 54| 2007 FORTUNE – 100 COMPANIES BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INDUSTRY | Company| Key Business Engagement| Car Business| Ranking #| 1| Bodi Group | Banking, Property| Toyota| 13| | Wagner Asia Equipment| Equipment, Automotive| Ford, LR| 19| 3| Nomin Group| Trade, Stores, Supermarket| Chevrolet| 27| 4| Tavan Bogd Group| Banking, Commercial, Hotel| Volkswagen| 29| 5| Khurd| Automotive| Russian| 33| 6| Monnis Group| Automotive, Equipment, Mining| Nissan| 36| 7| MSM LLC| Equipment, Automotive, Trade| MB, Mitsubishi| 37| 8| Shunkhlai| Fuel, Vehicle service| | 42| 9| Bridge Group| Construction, Automotive| Suzuki| 54| 10| Bayangol Hotel JSC| Hotel, Lodgin g and Catering| Genko Affialiate Company| 83| Key measures Corporate Sales Volume Taxes contributed to Government (VAT, Customs, CIT) Number of Employees Investment Corporate Social Responsibility TOP 5 Banks By Chamber of Commerce Industry FORTUNE – 100 COMPANIES (TOP-5 BANKS) BY CHAMBER OF COMMERCE INDUSTRY 2009 Ranking Capitron Bank| Genco Affiliate| Ranking # 5| 2008 Ranking Trade Development Bank| Genco Affiliate| Ranking # 3| 2007 Ranking Trade Development Bank| Genco Affiliate| Ranking # 1| FORTUNE-100 COMPANIES (Other Years) 2005| Bayangol Hotel JSC| Genco Affilate| Ranking # 64| | Talkh Chicer| Genco Affilate| Ranking # 95| 2004| Genco Group| | Ranking # 48| 2003| Genco Group| | Ranking # 42| 2002| Genco Group| | Ranking # 30| 2001| Genco Group| | Ranking # 23| Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Cars Plan" essay for you Create order

Bananas Are Radioactive (So Are Many Ordinary Objects)

You may have read about everyday objects setting off radiation alarms at border crossings between the US and Canada and Mexico. Newsweek has an article describing how medical radiation treatments (e.g., bone scans) may lead to traveling delays when they trigger radiation sensors. When the sensors are tripped, border officials conduct more intensive inspections to make sure you arent carrying nuclear weapons. There are other ways to set off the alarms. Do you carry kitty litter in your car to help provide traction in icy weather or to absorb oil? Its slightly radioactive. Do you have tile or granite in your vehicle for a home improvement project? It has a relatively high radiation signature. Do you have a lot of bananas? They are also slightly radioactive. Key Takeaways: Bananas Are Radioactive Bananas are slightly radioactive due to the presence of a natural isotope of potassium. Potassium is a key mineral in the fruit.Many other common materials are also radioactive, including potatoes, bricks, and cat litter.For the most part, these substances do not present a health risk. However, they can set off radiation sensors at ports of entry and their radioactivity is detectable using a Geiger counter. Its pretty easy to understand why tile, granite, and kitty litter are radioactive. They contain low levels of minerals that naturally decay. Bananas are radioactive for a similar reason. The fruit contains high levels of potassium. Radioactive K-40 has an isotopic abundance of 0.01% and a half-life of 1.25 billion years. The average banana contains around 450 mg of potassium and will experience about 14 decays each second. Its no big deal. You already have potassium in your body, 0.01% as K-40. You are fine. Your body can handle low levels of radioactivity. The element is essential for proper nutrition. If you have a banana in your car for your lunch you arent going to set off a Geiger counter. If you carry a produce truck full of them, you might encounter some problems. Ditto for a truck of potatoes or potassium fertilizer.The point here is that radiation is all around you. If you do an internet search, youll note significant concern (panic?) over bananas being radioactive. Are they radioactive? Barely. If you set a banana on a detector you wont hear mad clicking. It wont glow in the dark when you turn out the lights. There is a perception that radiation is bad, bad, bad. Its just a part of life. Bricks are radioactive. Anything containing carbon (you) is slightly radioactive. Bananas are radioactive and its no big thing. Well... except maybe to Homeland Security.

A Woman s Initial Breast Augmentation Revision Surgery

Whether a woman had her initial Breast Implant procedure recently or more than a decade ago, Women who are concerned about the way their breasts look or feel following their procedure may want to consider a Breast Augmentation Revision. Women in Fort Lauderdale Need to Choose a Knowledgeable Surgeon Who Has Experience and Excellent Surgical Skills Ensuring an acceptable outcome requires that a surgeon has knowledge related to the potential problems that could occur during any given procedure; furthermore, the surgeon needs to have access to the equipment necessary to diagnose and then treat patients. Dr. Thomassen’s surgical skills, knowledge, innovative equipment and dedication to providing his patients with the best results possible make him the perfect choice for women in and around Fort Lauderdale who are interested in having their initial Breast Augmentation or an Augmentation Revision surgery. Implant Surgery Can Be Complex Although some plastic and reconstructive surgeons in Fort Lauderdale perceive Augmentation surgery as a simple, rather routine procedure, it is actually fairly complex in nature and in its execution. For a successful Breast Augmentation result, the surgeon must pay close attention to detail; furthermore, proper surgical techniques must be utilized. When attention to detail is disregarded and improper surgical techniques are used, patients can, and frequently do, develop complications. When performing a patient’s initial Breast ImplantShow MoreRelatedDental Procedure For Breast Augmentation Procedures1589 Words   |  7 Pagesavailable from the American Society of Plastic Surgeons (ASPS), nearly 300,000 breast augmentations were performed in 2015, making breast augmentation procedures once again the top plastic surgery procedure performed in the Unites States. As such, many inexperienced and substandard plastic surgeons perform breast augmentation procedures frequently, and without much thought: Unfortunately, a poorly executed breast augmentation procedure can lead to a variety of negative outcomes. ARTISTIC VISION ANDRead MoreHow For Your Breast Augmentation Revision1044 Words   |  5 Pagesfor Your Breast Augmentation Revision in Manhattan You will receive a pre-operative plan that is designed specifically for you. Your pre-operative plan may include information related to necessary changes to your diet, daily habits and medication usage. In addition, your pre-op plan will contain information about any pre-surgical testing Dr. Naidu would like you to have. Patients who use tobacco need to avoid these products for at least eight weeks before their breast augmentation revision and eightRead MoreWho Should Consider With Gummy Bear Breast Implants1246 Words   |  5 PagesConsider Adding Volume to Their Breasts with Gummy Bear Implants? Women who: †¢ are interested in increasing the size and contour of their breasts; †¢ women who would like to have breasts that are symmetrical (even) and/or appear more proportionate to their overall physique; †¢ do not smoke; †¢ have no contraindications to general anesthesia; †¢ are healthy; †¢ have no active infections; †¢ are not pregnant or breastfeeding; †¢ understand what can be accomplished with gummy bear breast implants; and †¢ are at leastRead MoreMedicare Policy Analysis447966 Words   |  1792 PagesPOVERTY LEVEL; FPL.—The 6 terms ‘‘Federal poverty level’’ and ‘‘FPL’’ have the 7 meaning given the term ‘‘poverty line’’ in section 8 673(2) of the Community Services Block Grant Act 9 (42 U.S.C. 9902(2)), including any revision required 10 by such section. 11 (12) HEALTH BENEFITS PLAN.—The term 12 ‘‘health benefits plan’’ means health insurance cov- 13 erage and an employment-based health plan and in- 14 cludes the public health insurance

Assignment on Linear Algebra

Question: Discuss about the Assignment on Linear Algebra. Answer: The problem: One of the most important application of Linear Algebra is calculating the voltage and currents in closed loop circuits, and this importance rises when calculating largely closed loops with a large number of electronic components. In electrical circuit analysis, a set of linear equations are used to analyze the direct flow of current (DC), and the coefficients of these equations are real because its direct current circuits. Also, the linear equations can be used to calculate the current and voltages in alternative closed loop electronic circuits but with real and imaginary coefficients for these linear equations [1]. This would save huge effort and a great amount of time for electronic circuit designers, especially when dealing with too complicated closed-loop circuits. Moreover, electronic circuit builders use various values of resistors in the circuit to get the ideal current flow for each loop by using electronic circuit simulation software. Alternatively, they also can use system linear equations to specify the current for each loop in the circuit by changing the coefficient values of the variables in the system linear equations. In this application, we will try to calculate the three currents running in the three loops which are very simple electronic circuit but could give a general idea in how to tackle large-scale circuits by following the same solution procedure. In the figure below we have three circuit loops and each loop will present a linear equation assuming that the three currents are running in each loop in clockwise direction. Solution In order to solve the problem of these electronic circuits, first I have to make linear equation from the given data. As per Kirchhoffs Voltage law. The sum of all voltage meeting in loop is equal to zero according this we will go loop by loop to frame it is linear equation. For Loop 1 5I1+10(I1-I2) +10+10(I1-I3)-10=0 For Loop 2 10I2+5+10(I2-I3)-10+10(I2-I1) =0 For Loop 3 10I2+5+10(I2-I3)-10+10(I2-I1) =0 If we simply the equation, we can see that it is just like linear equation in form f( x+y+z) = f(x) + f(y) + f(z) = c.f(x) where x, y, z are the variable and C =constant, in this condition we have to find x which is in the form current, Suppose it is I1, I2, I3. We have to frame the given coefficients in the form of linear algebra. For loop 1 25I1-10I2-10I3=0 For Loop 2 -10I1+30I2-10I3=5 For loop 3 -10I1-10I2+33I3=0 This is in the form of equation Ax=b Where, A = coefficient of the three currents for the three loops = b= the constant number after equality sign in our equations= x= the unknown three currents running the three loops= All the coefficients is framed in to solve this equation as a linear algebra, Putting all the values in mat lab, we can calculate the value of x i.e. all the current I1, I2, I3 by framing this into inverse of linear, matrix x =A-1*b Finally we get the result as given below x= Where I1 = 0.1541 Amp, I2 = 0.2599 Amp, and I3 = 0.1254 Amp Here we can see that what a linear equation can do in electronic circuits. We have taken the help of one computational advance techniques in engineering and that is MATLAB, The code of the MATLAB is given below clc; % constant number after the equality sign of the three simplified equation. b= [0;5;0]; % the coefficients of the currents for the three equations. A= [25 -10 -10; -10 30 -10; -10 -10 33]; % calculating the three currents. I=inv(A)*b; disp(I) References S. Dianat and E. Saber,Advanced linear algebra for engineers with MATLAB. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press, 2009. J. Manassah,Elementary mathematical and computational tools for electrical and computer engineers using MATLAB. Boca Raton, FL: CRC/Taylor Francis, 2007. H. Anton,Elementary linear algebra. New York: John Wiley, 1994. D. Lay,Linear algebra and its applications. Boston: Pearson/Addison-Wesley, 2006.

Othello by William Shakespeare

Introduction One of the reasons why William Shakespeare’s tragedy Othello never ceases to remain popular with the public is that the themes of motifs, contained in it, appear truly universal. In other words, while being exposed to the staging of this particular tragedy, viewers do recognize the essence of a variety of psychological anxieties, on the part of the characters, as such that relate to their own.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Othello by William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This explains why the staging of Othello can be well adapted to the realities of today’s living. In our paper, we will aim to explore the soundness of an earlier articulated thesis at length, while comparing/contrasting Shakespeare’s original play with one of its most recent cinematographic adaptations – Tim Nelson’s 2001 movie O. Analytical part Even though movie’s plot unravels amidst contemporary settings, with American typical high school serving as a background, director had deliberately strived for O to emanate as much of original tragedy’s spirit as possible. And, it has to be said that Nelson was able to succeed in it. The validity of this statement can illustrated by the very fact that the names of film’s characters phonetically resemble characters’ names in Shakespeare’s play – Odin/Othello, Iago/Hugo, Desi/Desdemona, Duke/Duke Goulding, etc. Just as it is being the case in Shakespeare’s Othello, the only black character (Odin) in the film appears to be everybody’s favorite – the man on a direct pathway towards gaining social prominence. Despite his blackness, which made him a visible minority in White suburbia’s high school, Odin had proven himself quite indispensible to school’s basketball team. In a similar manner with Shakespeare’s Othello, Odin had found him self fallen in love with white girl Desi – the daughter of school’s principal. Both lovers’ happiness was about to prove short-lived, however, as after having initially failed at revealing Odin as a rapist, his teammate Hugo designed a plan to expose Desi’s infidelity in Odin’s eyes. Such line of a plot, of course, closely resembles that of original Othello’s. Moreover, as it appears from the movie and the play, it is namely due to Iago and Hugo’s perverted sense of justice, that both characters wanted to cause harm to Othello/Desdemona and Odin/Desi – apparently, they both considered themselves being treated unfairly by the ‘cruel world’:Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"Iago: But he (Othello), sir, had the election: And I†¦must be be-lee’d and calm’d† (Shakespeare, Act 1), à ¢â‚¬Å"Hugo: I’m considered a utility man†¦ I’m the MVP on this piece of shit team.., and he (Duke) chooses Michael. No way!† (00.08.27). Nevertheless, while being aware of the fact that Othello/Odin could not be challenged openly, Iago/Hugo decided to utilize a particularly sneaky method of destroying his happiness – planting the seed of jealousness in Odin’s heart. Just as it was the case with Iago in Shakespeare’s play, who prompted Cassio to initiate a drunken fight with Roderigo and to consequently lose respect in Othello’s eyes, Hugo encourages Odin’s best friend Michael to act in essentially the same way – to get drunk and to fall out of favor with Odin, as the result. Once, this has been accomplished, Iago/Hugo proceeded further with his devilish plan – he advices Michael/Cassio to socialize with Desdemona/Desi as something that would help him getting back on good terms with Othello/Odin. Simultaneously , Iago/Hugo encourages Othello/Odin to think of the fact that Desdemona/Desi befriended Cassio/Michael as the proof of her unfaithfulness. In other words, just as we have pointed out earlier, even watching the initial parts of Nelson’s movie leaves very little doubt as to the fact that the themes and motifs, contained in cinematic adaptation, closely match those contained in Shakespeare’s tragedy. Nevertheless, there is a striking difference between how Nelson and Shakespeare interpret the social implications of Hugo/Iago’s blackness. Whereas; in the original play the specifics of Othello’s racial affiliation do not imply him being subjected to white racism, in traditional sense of this word, in Nelson’s movie Odin is being shown as an individual who suffers a great deal from being looked upon by his even most open-minded classmates as someone who does not quite belong to their circle. There is a memorable scene in O, where Michael articulates his deed-seated racist attitude towards Odin with perfect clarity: â€Å"Hugo: What about Odin? Michael: What about him? He is a freaking loser. The ghetto just popped out of him† (01.05.51). Apparently, while adapting original tragedy’s motifs to the realities of today’s living in America, Nelson simply could not refrain from incorporating the theme of racism into the very core of movie’s plot.Advertising We will write a custom term paper sample on Othello by William Shakespeare specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is exactly the reason why this theme, along with the theme of political correctness, is being even explored within the context of Odin indulging in intimate conversations with Desi: â€Å"Odin: See, I can say ‘nigger’ cause I’m a nigger. You can’t cause you ain’t’ (00.15.02). Unlike what it used to be the case with Othello, Odin never ceases to remain acutely self-aware of the color of his skin. Another difference between Shakespeare’s play and Nelson’s film is the fact that; whereas, in the play most characters are being represented as well-grown individuals, film’s characters are essentially teenagers. In its turn, this explains the lessened plausibility of film’s action, as compared to what it is being the case with original tragedy. After all, it was partially due to Othello’s rational realization of the fact that, after having been ‘betrayed’ by Desdemona, he will never be able to get married (because of his old age and ugliness), which filled his heart with anger and prompted him to kill her. Odin, on the other hand, did not have rational reasons to kill Desi – being the most popular person in the school; he would never have a problem falling in love with just about any other white girl. Given the fact that, as of today, more and more American teenagers tend to think of love as being synonymous to the notion of sex, it naturally predisposes them towards assessing the very concept of ‘romantic faithfulness’ as being quite irrelevant. Therefore, whatever emotionally intense the scene in which Odin strangles Desi to death might be, it can be the least referred to as utterly realistic. Conclusion As we have pointed out in Introduction, there are good reasons to consider Shakespeare’s Othello as cinematically adaptable dramaturgic piece. The watching of Nelson’s film substantiates the validity of this claim perfectly well. After all, for as long as the representatives of Homo Sapiens specie continue to remain highly social beings, they will never cease experiencing the whole range of Shakespearean emotions – love, hate, jealousy, revengefulness, etc. Therefore, despite film’s earlier mentioned shortcomings, it nevertheless can be best defined as utterly accurate in how it tackles the theme of Shakespearian tragi c love. We believe that the earlier provided line of argumentation, in defense of such an idea, is being full consistent with paper’s initial thesis – in his film, Nelson did in fact succeed with popularizing the theme of tragic love as such that represents a great philosophical value. References O. Dir. Tim Blake Nelson. Perfs. Mekhi Phifer, Josh Hartnett, Julia Stiles. Miramax International, 2001.Advertising Looking for term paper on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Shakespeare, William â€Å"Othello†. 2005. WilliamShakespeare.info. 6 Jun. 2011. http://www.william-shakespeare.info/act1-script-text-othello.htm This term paper on Othello by William Shakespeare was written and submitted by user Bailey Barton to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.