Farewell Party for Miss Pushpa

Goodbye Party for Miss Pushpa. T. S. by Nissim Ezekiel Nissim Ezekiel is a popular figure in the field of Indian Writing in English. In his lifetime, he has written so many poems like â€Å"The Night of the Scorpion. † and â€Å"Enterprise,† which are entertaining and enlightening. The poem,† Goodbye Party for Miss. Pushpa† comes under his sixth volume of poems, namely â€Å"Hymns in Darkness. † The occasion is a farewell party given to Miss T. S. Pushpa by her friends and colleagues in her office when she leaves for a foreign country to improve her prospects. The speaker wishes her a happy voyage, and praises her for her good qualities.In fact, Nissim Ezekiel makes fun of the way in which semi-educated Indians speak or write the English language. He ridicules the errors in grammar, syntax, and idioms which many Indians commit while speaking the English language. In other words, he mimicks the Indian way of speaking English with so many faults, and th e poem is highly amusing. The speaker says that their dear sister, Miss Pushpa is leaving for a foreign country, and they all wish her bon voyage. In his speech, he again and again uses the present continuous tense instead of the simple present, which creates a ridiculous effect.He says that they â€Å"are all knowing† the sweet nature of Miss Pushpa who â€Å"is smiling and smiling for no reason, but simply because she is feeling†. The speaker goes on to say that her father was a renowned advocate in Bulsar or Surat, and that he is â€Å"not remembering† the correct place. Then he suddenly remembers that the place is Surat. He seems to be a poor speaker when he points out the irrelevant fact that he stayed there once with his uncle’s very old friend whose â€Å"wife was cooking nicely. † Again, the speaker starts praising Miss Pushpa, and says that she is very popular with men and ladies also.Whenever he asked her to do anything, she said,† Just now only I will do it†. Clearly the speaker means Miss Pushpa’s readiness to do any work, and the unnecessary use of â€Å"just† and â€Å"only† exhibits the Indian speaker’s ignorance of the usage of English words, creating laughter and fun. The speaker’s frequent wrong use of the present continuous instead of the simple present is further revealed in his speech when he says that he is always appreciating Miss Pushpa’s good nature, and â€Å"she is always saying yes† when he or anybody â€Å"is asking† any help.The speaker concludes his amusing speech, saying that they are wishing Miss Pushpa bon voyage. He informs that Miss Pushpa ‘will do the summing up†, when the other speakers finish their talk. What he means is that Miss Pushpa will respond to their words of praise in the end. Thus the poet makes fun of the faulty Indian way talking English. THEME: bad and ungrammatical english spoken by people of i ndia.. this poem is a mockery on indian english, not to indians or india

“Review of AIDS and Stigma’ by Gregory M. Harek

The current literature as of 1999 is reviewed regarding the stigma that attaches to people with AIDS (PWA’s and people with HIV (PWHIVs).   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Stigma† refers to discrimination and prejudice directed at PWAs and PWHIVs as well as those people associated with them or caregivers for them.This stigma has resulted in firings, evictions, and other forms of prejudice to people with AIDS and HIV. The existence of stigma has had a bad effect on the response to the AIDS crisis and could have a continuing affect on the various policies designed to assist PWAs and PWHIVs.Surveys throughout the world and specifically in the United States have indicated a negative attitude towards PWAs and PWHIVs by a significant majority of people.There are several possible reasons for the stigma. Many people believe PWAs and PWHIVs got the disease by their own actions and behavior. Others fear contracting the disease from any contact with PWAs and PWHIVs.Then there is the stigma associated wit h any disease considered that cannot be cured followed by the fear of contracting a contagious disease. Finally is the stigma associated with diseases or conditions affecting the victims’ outward appearance and capability.The stigma of AIDS has an impact on a personal level and with society and public policy.   For example, many people with AIDS or HIV do not get tested for fear of the stigma attached to the disease.In society the negative attitude has and continues to have an effect on public policy and public health issues and legislation. However, the situation has changed over the years with education, and with continued education discrimination and prejudice towards PWAs and PWHIVs will further decrease.I like this article for several reasons. It is well written and organized. It is written in a style and manner which is easy to read for the average student.There is no specialized language or information presented. Additionally there are no graphs or tables of statisti cs or lengthy quotations or references to other work. There is no detectible bias in the article. It is a very relevant topic today as much as it was when written. It is very thought provoking and informative regarding a variety of issues.The issue of stigma can have a very strong affect on the individual reader, as it has had on me. Unfortunately AIDS has spread to the point where more and more people know of someone afflicted with the disease or know someone who has been directly affected by the disease.With this increase comes the awareness of the stigma associated with PWAs and PWHIV, and the likelihood that someone we know has suffered from discrimination or prejudice.There is an â€Å"association† effect as well, when there is a similar prejudice, discrimination or fear of people who take care of or are related to PWAs and PWHIVs. The information presented in the article cannot help but make the individual aware of the issue if he or she is not already familiar with the disease, and adds knowledge to those who are familiar with it.Additionally, it makes the individual, and me, question whether or not I harbor any prejudice or discrimination and if so how I exhibit it. This article is very good at making me look past myself to broader issues, as well as to look inside myself for attitudes I should question.I particularly like the method in which the causes of stigma are presented. It is particularly helpful in examining whether or not I believe in any of the reasons or use them as an excuse. It is also helpful in realizing the fallacy of many of the reasons.The first reason presented seems very irrelevant, as regardless of how someone contracted AIDS or any disease should have no bearing on attitude, although for many people religious belief may be a factor that cannot be easily ignored.The second reason, fear of contracting the disease, was a personal fear of mine until I became aware of the fact that it cannot be contracted by casual contact. Com mon sense tells us that we are probably around PWAs and PWHIVs daily without knowing it, and there has been no cases caused by casual contact.The third and fourth reasons are the ones that I have the most difficult time with, as I have always been uncomfortable around people with life-threatening or terminal diseases, or people who obviously show outward signs of the disease.I believe many people have this discomfort, and probably always will, as it can be very difficult to interact with such strong issues â€Å"in the background†. However, what is important is to keep the discomfort into becoming a prejudice or source of discrimination.I really liked the article because it is hopeful. It has taken a very difficult and depressing topic but presented it a manner which gives optimism to the issue. It does this by making the reader aware of the reasons, and on reflection, realizes all of the reasons can be lessened or removed with awareness and education.It has made me more awar e of a very significant issue in society today. It has also caused me to reflect on my personal attitude and actions. It has clearly presents a thesis and evidence in an easy-to-read manner.I like it because it stresses how common and damaging prejudice and discrimination is, and the role of education in overcoming prejudice, which is important not just for PWAs and PWHIVs but for everyone. Finally, it is an article I can use as reference to anyone who can benefit from the information or may be interested in the issue.Works CitedHarek, Gregory M. â€Å"AIDS and Stigma†. American Behavioral Scientist, Volume 42, No. 7, April 1999. 1102-1112.

Gapminder Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gapminder - Assignment Example The trend line can be drawn (approximately) using India as a starting point through the USA and Qatar. The countries located above the trend line are mostly the countries, which GDP origins from mining and heavy engineering industry. The other possible explanation of relatively high emission accompanied with low income is ineffective energy consumption (Kazakhstan, Trinidad and Tobago). The group of countries is located below the trend line (Norway, Switzerland, Sweden, Hong Kong). Their position can be explained with use of technologies in the heavy engineering industry that consume less energy or energy saving technologies. The other reason for such position is that industry of these countries is oriented on production of goods that do not lead to high CO2 emission (household electronics, computers, software) or comprise nonmaterial production (tourism, banking). If we will look through the years, the dependence between these two parameters remains linear, and the emission constantly grows. The existence of two abovementioned groups of countries on the graph for the year 2011 means that part of the countries uses the ineffective technologies and the other part (especially developed countries) decreased CO2 emission due to energy saving increasing of energy efficiency. Developed countries introduced low-emission technologies within the next 10 years, particularly after signing Kyoto

Literature review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Literature review - Essay Example Ancient Western viewpoint Intellectually In the early period of the High Middle Ages, the Islamic communities had greatly contributed to the intellectual growth of the European people. Goddard (2000) stated that the medieval Muslim scholars (e.g., Averroes) had translated into Arabic language the scientific ideas and philosophies of the Greeks such as Aristotle (Goddard, 2000: 97). He further noted that it was in the eleventh century that the Europeans were able to obtain, translate, and read the works of the Greek scientists and philosophers via their Arabic version. Goddard (2000) said that there were two specific European locations wherein the readings and translations of the Arabic texts of the Greek intellectuals were made: Spain and Sicily. By and large, Muslims were viewed by the medieval Christians, based from Goddard’s analysis, as transmitters of scientific knowledge and intellectual tradition (Goddard, 2000: 98). Economically Moreover, Glick (2005) said that the Isl amic communities had greatly shaped the notion and praxis of urbanization for the pre-11th century European people. Prior to A.D. 1000, the administration of justice practiced by the Christian nation-state of Iberian descent was â€Å"dispersed among a multiplicity† of institutions or courts throughout the land (Glick, 2005: 113). In contrast, the administration of justice prominent in Islamic communities was remarkably concentrated in the al-Andalus towns. With respect to urban practices, the influence of Muslims to the medieval Iberian Christians took place when the former created the al-Andalus region as an international market in the 8th-century period. Here, European Christians perceived Muslims as civilized people with highly organized activities pertaining to urban function. Glick’s reading of medieval Spanish urbanization significantly viewed Islam as the promoter of civilization as we know it today: concentrated at the center. Theologically In spite of the con tributions of Islam to the preservation and institution of knowledge and urbanization, the European elite had attempted to demonize, and eventually succeeded in demonizing, the expanding Muslim communities. Tolan (1996), p.xv) described how Peter the Venerable, a Christian abbot of Cluny, travelled to Spain in order to meet and convince its king for a sinister plot of attacking Islam (Tolan, 1996: xv). The abbot of Cluny conceived a plan to rationally criticize the ideas and teachings characterized in the Islamic faith; through the aid of the king of Castile and Leon, Peter the Venerable created a team of translators with the main task of translating the Qur’an and other Islamic texts from Arabic to Latin language (Tolan, 1996). Thence, Christian scholars attacked the philosophy or ideas prominent in the Islamic texts. In the process, they perceived the Muslims as akin to pagans or heretics (Lumbard, 2009: 156). Militarily In the Early Middle Ages, it must be noted that Islam was not highly considered by the medieval Christians as a religion in

Ethics and Social Reqponsibiliities Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ethics and Social Reqponsibiliities Paper - Essay Example Nike abused workers in various third world countries with sweetshop operations which violated human rights and working standards. In India in 1984 there was a huge gas leak accident cause by Corporation which could have been prevented if the company followed the safety standards of developed nations. This paper analyzes the statement â€Å"Strict governmental regulations are necessary to make companies behave ethically. The essay provides an analysis of the statement to illustrate whether the statement is true of false. Ethics and corporate responsibility are the two concepts used to dissect the statement. Ethics is the rules of conduct that are considered to determine if an action is right or wrong (Webster’s II, 1984). Most corporations especially public firms have established codes of ethics to set guidelines for the behavior of its employees. These written documents many times are not proactively referenced and utilized by the firms. In their host country many companies act and practice legitimate business practices, but once the opportunity surges to break the rules in foreign land it is another story. Ethics are suppose to be universal principles, but competitive forces at times drive company and its management staff into unethical decision due to the pressure to achieve results. A company establish in a foreign country such as the South American nation of Peru can legally abide by the standards set in that nation and if the norms in this nation are softer in different operating aspects the company will take advantage of it and lower their standards in order to reduce cos ts. The regulations about environmental issues set by agencies such as EPA are tough. If in Peru a company does not have to comply with certain air quality standards a company will not purchase the machinery and equipment necessary to comply with the US standard. The premise that strict governmental

Improving Customer Relations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Improving Customer Relations - Essay Example The convergence age has changed customer preference as smartphones have become a new tool that marketers must emphasize in their marketing plans. The use of marketing can also enhance relationships with stakeholder groups such as customers, suppliers, and the community. I work as a manager of a convenient store. At my job marketing is often used as a tool to increase sales of products. One of my responsibilities as a manager is to handle supplier relations. The suppliers of products provide the store with advertising material and special offers. For example, the cigarette companies give the store special offers to be passed to the customers. I decorated the store with many posters of advertisements that are sold at the establishment. It is my opinion that the advertisements posted around the store influence the buying behavior of the customers. The store does not have a long-term marketing plan. Every trimester I have meetings with the ownership team to discuss among other matters any changes to the marketing strategy of the company. The marketing profession can be very beneficial to society as a whole. One of the most important roles that marketing serves to the public is as a provider of information that can be used to make buying decisions. Smart consumers take advantage of the special offers that marketers advertise to lower their expenditures. Marketers often use the power of the media to support social causes such as hunger, poverty, and human rights. The internet has enhanced the ability of marketers to publish information at low costs. Customers are the most important stakeholder group of a business because their money is used to purchase goods and services from companies. Marketing can be used to improve customer relations. Companies can show their appreciation for customers by sponsoring public social events such as music and art festivals.  

The structure of interviews Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The structure of interviews - Essay Example In the prediction of job’s performance, a structured interview is preferred over unstructured one. Moreover, a structured interview bases the information derived from the interviews on merit. Therefore, a structured interview is less subject to bias, legally defensible, more reliable, and more accurate (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). The realization of the potential of the structured interview requires an attention of the stages during the interview process. The steps cover its development, then implementation and finally, evaluation. A structured form of the interview always involves planning. The process involves questions that are organized, thorough in the analysis of the key requirements and a given merit criteria that is expected to job performance. The same type of questions applies to all candidates, and their responses standardized using a predetermined scheme of rating. Such measures help to give a clear link between the performance of the job and the performance during the interview process. It therefore, minimizes the personal bias during the process (Farago, 2010). As the questions link to the job competencies, the candidate is more likely to bring out their performance on-the-job. Therefore, the process predicts accurately on the performance of the candidate. Moreover, using structured means gives the interview process a legal defensibility. For example, the courts often scrutinize on the consistency, job relatedness and the objectivity of the interview process. Therefore, its procedural rigor makes it a more formal process (Nickas & Bovier, 2008). A structured interview enhances an equal opportunity and objectivity of work. The candidates respond to the same type of questions, giving a fair assessment. Assessing the candidate’s responses to the relevant criteria gives each candidate an opportunity to show their qualifications. In harmony, by interviewing the candidates by an interview board ensures objectivity as it reaches a

Divorce in the UAE has increased during the last 2 decades Essay

Divorce in the UAE has increased during the last 2 decades - Essay Example Why divorce in the UAE has increased during the last 2 decades Introduction Divorce is regarded as one of the serious social problems in any given society. According to government statistics, United Arab Emirates (UAE) experienced a divorce rate of 24 percent in the year 2003 (Sherif 2). There are numerous psychological and economic factors that have led to high divorce rates in UAE. Lack of communication in marriage, early marriages, changing marriage expectations, addiction, child-bearing issues, and financial issues, cultural background of the spouses, the differential in education levels, infidelity and arranged marriages are some of the causes of high divorce rates in UAE (Sherif 8). Divorce leads to severe negative consequences to children and involved parents. Some of the negative impacts of divorce include delinquent behaviour of the parents, psychological trauma, aggression, and nightmares (Hasso, 2011). Thesis statement: poor communication in marriages is the leading cause of the high divorce rates in United Arab Emirates. Causes of high divorce rates in UAE Communication problems in marriages are the leading cause of divorce. ... Marital financial issues such as disagreements on the best investment opportunities and sexual incompatibility also contribute towards dissatisfaction with the marriage thus forcing the partners to divorce (Hasso, 2011). According to a research study done by Marriage Fund in collaboration with University of Sharjah in 2011, absence of communication within the marriage and lack of proper relations were the leading causes of divorce (Sherif 3). Differences in an opinion between the partners often resulted in constant bickering thus hindering love within the marriage. Accordingly, Islamic traditional marriage practices such as arranged marriages made women discover certain personality traits of their husbands later after marriage thus leading to intolerance and ultimately divorce (Sherif 5). The same study indicated that polygamy, physical abuse of wives, inadequate financial support and unshared responsibilities were secondary causes of divorce in UAE (Sherif 7). According to education ists and family affairs experts, the annual rates of divorce were estimated at 30 percent compared with a rate of 21 percent in Dubai in 2011 (Al Sadafy 3). Statistics fro the Dubai courts pointed out that one divorce occurred for every four marriage court cases with more than Dh 800 million being paid annually as divorce settlements. Accordingly, the Advisor for family affairs noted that 90 percent of the instances of divorce were occasioned by trial reasons with lack of communication among the partners being the leading cause of divorce (Al Sadafy 5). How divorce affects children, parents and society Divorce is associated with negative social and physical effects on children, parents and the society (Hasso, 2011). Divorce denies the children the opportunity

Assignment 11 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Assignment 11 - Essay Example The article gives the reader an opportunity to appreciate the role and impact of action research within the educational setting. In essence, the author captures the processes involved in action research in relation to maximizing the benefits. In addition, this is a research process that has the capacity to revitalize the entire learning process in most academic spheres. In addition to adding value to the learning process, action research creates critical grounds to reflect and evaluate teaching approaches (Arnold, 2008). It is therefore a necessary tool that can be used to support various initiatives by individual teachers, teaching communities, and organizations. Essentially, one cannot ignore the nature of data collection procedures used in action research. The author sheds light on the necessary aspects that one should consider when conducting action research (Arnold, 2008). It is an invaluable tool that offers a range of opportunities for the learners and the teachers. Essentially, when one is capable of conducting a study within their field makes it possible to address issues that are facing a system. The qualitative techniques in use when conducting action research set the stage for solving problems and enhancing practice. The reader further gets the details of how action research can enable the researcher to interpret as well as formulate acceptable solutions and practical steps towards local problems. One of the benefits that come with such an approach includes the ability to seek viable and realistic explanations to some of the general problems facing an education system. Some of the realities that the researcher faces on a day to day basis are grounds for gathering factual data. Due to this, the researcher does not have the luxury of following laid out procedures. Such a position calls for innovative data collection techniques that will focus on the importance of the data at hand (Arnold, 2008). The emphasis on the significance of

Greek and Roman Mythology Essay Example for Free

Greek and Roman Mythology Essay In the times of the ancient Greeks and Romans, there were many things that held similarities as well as things that were not as similar, wondrous trading and agriculture skills, great warriors, architecture, and mythology just to name a few. However, their life values were opposing, the Romans were more apt to take what they wanted without regard for life, whereas the Greeks were more in tune with Nature. The Mythology that they shared was similar but different in the aspects as how they saw their deities. Their Gods and Goddesses were not worshipped as that of the Christian God of today. The Greeks were more focused on life here on earth and the ideas and thought that a man’s worth was judged here in this life and his good deeds and services would follow him onto the afterlife. Whereas, the Romans believed that good deeds done on Earth would follow them to heaven, if they were done properly and enough of the good deeds were done, then they themselves would become Gods. The Romans deities were not gender specific because they did not have characteristics that were associated with their actions, unlike the Greeks God’s and Goddesses. When you read about the Mythologies of the Greeks and Romans, you will hear the similarities in the stories of their deities. One of the famous Goddess names you may remember is Venus, the Roman Goddess of love and Aphrodite, the Greek Goddess of love, they both share the same aspects of being the Goddess of love. There has been little to no influence of these cultures religions on today’s society, however, one cannot help but wonder, what would the world be like if they had progressed†¦ References Noriega. B., (February 24, 2006.) Greek vs Roman Mythology, Associated Content, Retrieved July 20, 2010 from http://www.associatedcontent.com/article/19648/greek_vs_roman_ mythology_pg2.html?cat=9

Design Factors in a Modern Living or Working Space

Design Factors in a Modern Living or Working Space Executive summary The aim of this report is to outline the factors which should be taken into account in the design of a modern living or working space. The report discusses three factors related to design of an ideal office, Specifically Environmental, Affective and Practical factors. The report gives a number of recommendations, the main ones being: Allow natural airflow by using a cross ventilation system to create a fresh atmosphere. Decorate the office with Blue and Green colour to create a pleasant and productive atmosphere. Use fluorescent lights to create natural, warm or daylight colours of light to reduce eye tiredness and headache problems. Introduction The purpose of this report is to outline the factors which should be taken into account in the design of a modern living or working space, and to give recommendations regarding the ideal design of an office. It is written for Mr James Scott as part of the Academic English course requirements. The information was acquired through internet research and group discussion. Firstly, the report outlines the general factors related to design of a modern living or working space. Next, these factors are applied to the ideal design of an office. Subsequent to this, a conclusion is given followed by clear recommendations. 2.0 Design factors There are three factors to take into account when designing a modern living or work space, Specifically Environmental, Affective and Practical considerations. 2.0.1 Environmental factors Environmental factors relate to use of natural resource and the reduction of cost through the use of renewable energy sources. The ways to do this involve, Firstly, by using a cross ventilation design to keep living area cool, fresh and healthy. Secondly, by installing windows and doors on the east and west side, maximum natural light can be utilised. Third, by installing solar panel and photo-voltaic system, electricity can be generated for different purposes and its carbon free energy (Seminara, 2014). Hence, the use of natural resource in modern living or working space reduces pollution and energy consumption. 2.0.2 Affective factors Affective factors are to do with interior design and decoration of living or working space that affect people’s mood and attitudes. According to Sanders (2014), arrangement of accessories and furniture affect the human moods. For instance, by keeping a small table with cheerful and colourful flowers and decorative container next to drink coaster can uplift mood and create pleasant and friendly environment. Moreover, decorating space with bright colours and LED rope light gives energy and relaxation (Taylor, 2013). To conclude, interior design and decoration of living and working can create a more comfortable space. 2.0.3 Practical factors Practical factors in design are concerned with the health of humans. It includes aspects such as organic materials and comfortable chairs and desks. In order to reduce toxic gases in living or working space, organic materials should be used such as wood, wool, slate, cotton and gorgeous textiles (Gibson, 2013). Moreover, ergonomic chairs and desks should be used which gives relaxation and comfortable feeling. According to Aulenback (2013), proper adjustment of chair, desk dimensions and height of monitor can reduce back injuries and health risk of employees. In short, use ergonomic equipment and organic materials in modern design of living or working space is an important. 2.1 Designing an ideal office Having outlined the above factors relating to general design, it is now necessary to apply them to the design of an office. 2.1.1 Environmental factors in an office design Environmental factors in an office include energy reduction and natural ventilation. Regarding energy reduction, energy consumption can be reduced by using sunlight in the office environment, this affecting positive productivity and the moral of employees (Rayfield, 1997). As far as natural ventilation is concerned, a cross ventilation system would allow natural airflow throughout the office and corridors creating a fresh atmosphere in the office (Goodell, 2010). In short, low energy usage and natural ventilation would result in an eco-friendly office leading to increase productivity. 2.1.2 Affective factors in an office design Affective factors in an office design would involve the use of appropriate colours and an interior furniture design that positively affects the mood, stress levels and behaviour of workers. Regarding colours, the office could include blue and green, the Blue and Green colour stimulate the minds of employees (Akkan Design, 2014). Concerning interior furniture design, work can be performed in an efficient and creative manner when round shaped furniture is used. This is confirmed by a 2013 study showing that when employees were seated at a curved shape desk they were more likely to engage in meeting. (Australian government Comcare, 2002). In conclusion, appropriate colours and interior furniture design of an office creates a pleasant and productive atmosphere. 2.1.3 Practical factors in an office design Practical factors in an office design would include lighting and equipment, such as chairs and desks which affect the health of workers. Concerning lighting, use of fluorescent tubes in the office would provide different qualities of light, such as natural, warm or daylight colour. By using these, eyes tiredness and headache problems can be reduced (Hawary, 2011). Regarding desk design, a desk should have a smooth and flat surface, rounded corners and good access for the user’s legs. In addition, chairs should have different functions such as adjustment of height, rolling wheels and back tilt to reduce back pain problem (National Occupational Commission, 2011). Hence, proper lighting and comfortable chairs and desks are required to reduce health problems. Conclusion This report has outlined the factors relating to the design of a working or living space, Specifically Environmental, Affective and Practical aspects. It has also discussed the application of these factors in the ideal design of an office. 4.0 Recommendation Having discussed the factors involved in designing a living or working space, Specifically Environmental, Affective and Practical factors. The following recommendations are given for the design of an ideal office. Environmental factors Install windows on the west and east side to allow sunlight into the office. Allow natural airflow by using a cross ventilation system to create a fresh atmosphere. Affective factors Decorate the office with Blue and Green colour to create a pleasant and productive atmosphere. Create a pleasant and friendly environment by keeping decorative container on desk. Practical factors Use fluorescent lights to create natural, warm or daylight colours of light to reduce eye tiredness and headache problems. Fit comfortable desks which have smooth and flat surfaces and good access for user’s legs. Provide chairs with different functions, such as back tilt, rolling wheels and adjustment of height to reduce back pain problem. Reference List Akkan Design. (2014). How Colour Affects Mood in Office and Interior Design. Retrieved from http://www.akkan.com.au/index.php/Blogs/How-Colour-Affects-Mood-in-Office-and-Interior-Design Aulenback, S. (2013). 6 Ways to fight fatigue while using your standing desk. Retrieved from http://deskhacks.com/reduce-standing-desk-fatigue/ Australian Government Comcare. (2002). Officewise. ISBN 1 921160 17 9 Retrieved from http://www.comcare.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0006/39570/Officewise_OHS1_Apr_10.pdf Gibson, R. (2013). 10 Contemporary Elements that Every Home needs. Retrieved from http://freshome.com/2013/09/30/10-contemporary-elements-that-every-home-interior-needs/ Goodell, l. (2010). How to Create a Productive Office Environment. Retrieved from http://www.inc.com/guides/2010/05/create-productive-office-environment.html Hawary, S. (2011). Lighting principles in interior design of management spaces. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/1746322/lighting_principles_in_interior_design_of_managment_spaces National Occupational Health and Safety Commission. (2011). Ergonomic Principles and Checklists for the Selection of Office Furniture and Equipment. ISBN 0 644 24516 6 Rayfield, J. K. (1997). The office Interior Design Guide. Retrieved from http://www.books.google.com.au Sanders, A. (2014). How Does Room Decoration Affect Mood? Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how-does_4744309_room-decoration-affect-mood.html Seminara, D. (2014). Eco Housing Design. Retrieved from http://www.dsarchitecture.com.au/eco-housing-principles.html Taylor, J. (n.d). 8 Ways to Get Ambient Lighting. Retrieved from http://www.houzz.com/ideabooks/6794787/list/8-ways-to-get-ambient-lighting-just-right

Free Euthanasia Essays: Euthanasia and the Pain Relief Promotion Act :: Free Euthanasia Essay

Euthanasia and the Pain Relief Promotion Act President Clinton said that the key question regarding the Nickles/Lieberman Pain Relief Promotion Act is "whether the bill as written would have a chilling effect on doctors writing medication for pain relief on terminally ill patients." The question he raised is a testable proposition. Language almost identical to that found in the Pain Relief Promotion Act has been enacted in ten states in recent years - and the effect of such language on the use of powerful pain relief medication such as morphine has been dramatically positive. There is considerable data from states passing new laws against assisted suicide since 1992. During this period, ten states passed new laws that ban intentionally assisting suicide (or that strengthen existing bans), including language that affirms the use of medications to control pain even when this may unintentionally increase the risk of death. Data on morphine use from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) show that per capita use of morphine always increased in these states afterward, sometimes dramatically so (in Iowa, Rhode Island and South Dakota, morphine use doubled). The average change in morphine use in these ten states was an increase of over 50%. During the same period, four states passed laws against assisted suicide that did not include language affirming pain control like that found in the federal Pain Relief Promotion Act. Even here, there is little evidence of a significant "chilling effect" on morphine use; but per capita use of morphine tended to stay about the same or to increase only slightly. In these four states, where new bans on assisted suicide lacked the kind of positive language on pain control found in the Pain Relief Promotion Act, morphine use rose by an average of 3%. Turning back to the ten states with language similar to that of the Pain Relief Promotion Act, one can reasonably predict that the impact of passing the federal Act would be even more positive for pain control, for the following reasons: 1. These states actually passed new bans (or established new civil penalties for doctors) where none previously existed. By contrast, in the vast majority of states the Pain Relief Promotion Act establishes no new ban at all - it is already a state crime (and/or a violation of state medical licensing standards) to assist suicide, and thus an automatic violation of the federal Controlled Substances Act to use a federally controlled drug in such a practice. Free Euthanasia Essays: Euthanasia and the Pain Relief Promotion Act :: Free Euthanasia Essay Euthanasia and the Pain Relief Promotion Act President Clinton said that the key question regarding the Nickles/Lieberman Pain Relief Promotion Act is "whether the bill as written would have a chilling effect on doctors writing medication for pain relief on terminally ill patients." The question he raised is a testable proposition. Language almost identical to that found in the Pain Relief Promotion Act has been enacted in ten states in recent years - and the effect of such language on the use of powerful pain relief medication such as morphine has been dramatically positive. There is considerable data from states passing new laws against assisted suicide since 1992. During this period, ten states passed new laws that ban intentionally assisting suicide (or that strengthen existing bans), including language that affirms the use of medications to control pain even when this may unintentionally increase the risk of death. Data on morphine use from the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) show that per capita use of morphine always increased in these states afterward, sometimes dramatically so (in Iowa, Rhode Island and South Dakota, morphine use doubled). The average change in morphine use in these ten states was an increase of over 50%. During the same period, four states passed laws against assisted suicide that did not include language affirming pain control like that found in the federal Pain Relief Promotion Act. Even here, there is little evidence of a significant "chilling effect" on morphine use; but per capita use of morphine tended to stay about the same or to increase only slightly. In these four states, where new bans on assisted suicide lacked the kind of positive language on pain control found in the Pain Relief Promotion Act, morphine use rose by an average of 3%. Turning back to the ten states with language similar to that of the Pain Relief Promotion Act, one can reasonably predict that the impact of passing the federal Act would be even more positive for pain control, for the following reasons: 1. These states actually passed new bans (or established new civil penalties for doctors) where none previously existed. By contrast, in the vast majority of states the Pain Relief Promotion Act establishes no new ban at all - it is already a state crime (and/or a violation of state medical licensing standards) to assist suicide, and thus an automatic violation of the federal Controlled Substances Act to use a federally controlled drug in such a practice.

American Colonies: Contrasting the New England and Southern Colonists :: American America History

American Colonies: Contrasting the New England and Southern Colonists The New England and Southern Colonies were both settled largely by the English. By 1700, the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. The southern colonies have characteristics that are the antithesis of the New England colonies attributes. New England was colonized for Freedom of Worship and freedom of political thought. The Southern colonies were developed for freedom of economic opportunity. The New England colonies had aspirations for a distinct society, where they could show their homeland, how a country should be run. The southern colonies had goals for mercantilism, and increasing the prosperity of England. The New England colonies were based on theocracy, where the state forced the people to live and worship in an orthodox way. The southern colonies(Virginia) had a government based on a royal government, where the state was governed by a governor and council named by the king, and an elected assembly chosen by the people. Finally, the New England colonies wanted to establish the colony for religious motives, while the southern colonies were established for economic motives. England and the rebels of England (Pilgrims), made up the New England and southern colonies. "God Almighty in his most holy and wise providence hath so disposed of the condition of mankind, in all times some must be rich, some poor, some high and eminent in power and dignity, other mean and in subjection. Yet we must be knit together in this work as one man."(John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity) This statement by John Winthrop, demonstrates importance of religion in the lives of the New England settlers. "We must delight in each other, make others' conditions our own, rejoice together, mourn together, labor and suffer together, always having before our eyes our commission and community in the work, our community as members of the same body." (John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity). The use of the word "together" and "community" indicates that the New England settlers were of a communal nature, they were less individualistic than the southern colonies. The New England colonies were based on religious freedom, thus their society was reflected the religion. "These underwritten names are to be transported to Virginia, embarked in the Merchant's Hope, Hugh Weston, Master, per examination by the minister of Gravesend touching upon their conformity to the Church discipline of England, and have taken oaths of allegiance and supremacy:" (Ship's List of Emigrants Bound for Virginia). The use of the word "Master", shows, that the southern colonies were more of a individualistic state rather than a communal state(New England).

Symbols in Cat and Mouse Essay -- Mouse

Symbols in Cat and Mouse Symbols are very important in the story "Cat and Mouse" by Lisa Metzgar. Lisa tells the story of a woman dealing with issues from a small mouse in her house, to not wanting to be married. Animals are used throughout the story to symbolize underlying issues. The reason for the story being called what it is instead of just plain 'mouse' is because both the cat and the mouse represent Marcy at one point. The mouse is a symbol of her in that it is trying to escape the traps that are out for it. This is the same way that she is trying to avoid being tied down by the people in her life. The cat can also represent Marcy after it has taken the poison, symbolizing what will happen to her if she allows others to determine her happiness. When the story opens, Marcy seems to have only one problem, and that is the fact that she has a mouse in her house. However, it isn't until she starts thinking about the mouse that she, "cannot help thinking about all the other things that are wrong with her life" (Metzgar, 67). The first problem for her is that her parents are in the beginning of a divorce and they both seem to want to pull her in their corner. Her father wants her to get to know (and eventually like) his new girlfriend Helen, while her mother wants Marcy to hate her. The other (and definitely the biggest) problem is her relationship with her boyfriend Tom. She didn't really want a serious relationship when the two first started dating but didn't want to hurt him either. Now she fears that he is smothering her and worries that he will propose. The mouse represents Marcy in that like her, it is being hunted. The difference between the two is that she is the one trying to de... ... main character. The mouse, which is scurrying around Marcy's house, can represent her free self that does not want to be tied down. The traps that the mouse repeatedly escapes are representations of the traps that Marcy herself escapes when dealing with people throughout the story. The lazy cat that has nerve damage from eating the rat pellets can represent Marcy if she allows herself to be controlled by the people around her. Although, the reader can see the link between the main character and the animals, it isn't until the end of the story that Marcy realizes that the mouse is really warning her of what will happen if she gives in to the 'traps'. By physically seeing the mouse being caught by the nose in the trap and seeing the misery on its face, she realized that this is the same way that she will be if she allows her spirit to be controlled by others.

PESTLE analysis Essay

PESTLE analysis, which is sometimes referred as PEST analysis, is a concept in marketing principles. Moreover, this concept is used as a tool by companies to track the environment they’re operating in or are planning to launch a new project/product/service etc.PESTLE is a mnemonic which in its expanded form denotes P for Political, E for Economic, S for Social, T for Technological, L for Legal and E for Environmental. It gives a bird’s eye view of the whole environment from many different angles that one wants to check and keep a track of while contemplating on a certain idea/plan. Political and legal factors Political and legal factors are here regarded as a unit. They refer to framework given by politics. The exist regulatory or legal frameworks, which can be binding for regions, nations or on an international basis. The frameworks deal with economical issues or issues concerning the labour market.Subsidies for instance fall in the category of economical issues. According to the degree of support through subsidies, a country can be more or less attractive for a company. With respect to the labour law of a country, it can highly influence location decisions, too. If e.g. the dismissal protection in a country is very good, a firm may tend to choose a country with a more flexible hire-and-fire-system. Furthermore, political environment can have a significant influence on businesses, political factors affect consumer confidence and consumer and business spending. For instance, how stable is the political environment? This is particularly important for companies entering new markets. Government policies on regulation and taxation can vary from state to state and across national boundaries. Political considerations also encompass trade treaties, such as NAFTA, ASEAN, and EU. Such treaties tend to favor trade among the member countries but impose penalties or less favorable trade terms on nonmembers. Economical factors Economical factors deal with national or international economical developments and have a direct influence on supplier and consumer markets. Examples of economical factors that play a big role are: the GDP, the rate of inflation, interests, the change rate, employment or the situation of money markets. These economical factors influence demand, competition  intensity, cost pressure and the will to invest. For instance, if the gross domestic product of a country is fairly low, the demand is in general lower than in countries with a higher GDP. Social factors Social factors deal with social issues regarding the values, ideas, opinions and the culture of market participants. Market participants can be employees, customers or suppliers. Through their contact with the company, they influence it due to their opinions. The company needs to follow the market participant’s change of value and adapt its strategies. Nowadays, a change of values concerning environmental protection is on the move. Technological environmental factors Technological environmental factors are meanwhile of a great importance, especially for industrial companies, which underlie a fast technological change. The increasing speed of technological changes, like in microelectronics or robotics can either indicate risks or chances for a company. Particularly producing companies are affected of that fast evolution. Environmental factors At last, environmental factors are becoming more and more important nowadays. They regard natural resources and the basis of human life. Among those, the availability of raw materials and energy is the main topic. As the availability of fossil fuels, like oil or coal, gets worse within the next decades, the dependency on those fuels stays pretty risky. Moreover, to show an ecological responsibility, companies should assess and reduce their ecological damage. Through rare raw materials and increasing pollution, an environmentally friendly management gets spotlighted more and more by the public interest. Consequently, eco-friendly products or technologies can even signify a competitive advantage. To maximise on the benefit of PESTEL it should be used on a regular basis within an organisation to enable identification of any changes in trends. The impact of any external factor may have more severe impact on any division or department but, PESTEL will enable clarification why change is needed and identify potential solutions. As with all techniques there  advantages and disadvantages when ever using it.PASTEL includes some of these advatages;provides easy and simple to use framework for your analysis, helps to treduce threats and impacts of potential treats to your organisation. And also helps you to asses the level of implications of entering a new market both globally and nationaly. However it is also associated with the following disadvantages; as users can over simplfy information used in decision making in an organisation, assumptions often form the basis for most of the data used, making any decision made based on such data subjective. Users must not also succumb to paralysis by analysis where they gather too much information and forget that the objective of this tool is the identification of issues so that action can be taken.

Amul Essay 9

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1. history 2. the three-tier amul model 2. Objectives of Study 3. research Methodology 4. Review of Literature 5. Market Analysis 6. Limitations 7. Conclusion 8. Scope Of Improvement 9. Bibliography 1. INTRODUCTION Amul (AMUL means â€Å"priceless† in Sanskrit. The brand name â€Å"Amul,† from the Sanskrit â€Å"Amoolya,† was suggested by a quality control expert in Anand. ), formed in 1946, is a  dairy cooperative  in  India. It is a  brand name managed by an apex cooperative organisation, Gujarat Co-operative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. (GCMMF), which today is jointly owned by some 2. million milk producers in  Gujarat, India. AMUL is based in  Anand,  Gujarat and has been an example of a co-operative organization's success in the long term. It is one of the best examples of co-operative achievement in the developing economy. â€Å"Anyone who has seen, the dairy cooperatives in the state of Gujarat, especially the high ly successful one known as AMUL, will naturally wonder what combination of influences and incentives is needed to multiply such a model a thousand times over in developing regions everywhere. †Ã‚  The  Amul Pattern  has established itself as a uniquely appropriate model for rural development. Amul has spurred the  White Revolution of India, which has made India the largest producer of milk and milk products in the world. It is also the world's biggest vegetarian cheese brand  . Amul is the largest food brand in India and world's Largest Pouched Milk Brand with an annual turnover of US $1050 million (2006-07). Currently Unions making up GCMMF have 2. 8 million producer members with milk collection average of 10. 16 million litres per day. Besides India, Amul has entered overseas markets such as Mauritius,  UAE,  USA,  Bangladesh,  Australia,  China,  Singapore,  Hong Kong  and a few South  African  countries. Its bid to enter  Japanese  market in 1994 did not succeeded, but now it has fresh plans entering the Japanese markets. Other potential markets being considered include  Sri Lanka. Dr Varghese Kurien, former chairman of the GCMMF, is recognised as a key person behind the success of Amul. On 10 Aug 2006  Parthi Bhatol, chairman of the Banaskantha Union, was elected chairman of GCMMF. 1. 1HISTORY The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd, Anand (GCMMF) is the largest food products marketing organisation of India. It is the apex organization of the Dairy Cooperatives of Gujarat. This State has been a pioneer in organizing dairy cooperatives and our success has not only been emulated in India but serves as a model for rest of the World. Over the last five and a half decades, Dairy Cooperatives in Gujarat have created an economic network that links more than 2. 8 million village milk producers with millions of consumers in India and abroad through a cooperative system that includes 13,141 Village Dairy Cooperative Societies (VDCS) at the village level, affiliated to 13 District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Unions at the District level and GCMMF at the State level. These cooperatives collect on an average 7. 5 million litres of milk per day from their producer members, more than 70% of whom are small, marginal farmers and landless labourers and include a sizeable population of tribal folk and people belonging to the scheduled castes. The turnover of GCMMF (AMUL) during 2008-09 was Rs. 67. 11 billion. It markets the products, produced by the district milk unions in 30 dairy plants, under the renowned AMUL brand name. The combined processing capacity of these plants is 11. 6 million litres per day, with four dairy plants having processing capacity in excess of 1 million Litres per day. The farmers of Gujarat own the largest state of the art dairy plant in Asia – Mother Dairy, Gandhinagar, and Gujarat – which can handle 2. 5 million litres of milk per day and process 100 MTs of milk powder daily. During the last year, 3. 1 billion litres of milk was collected by Member Unions of GCMMF. Huge capacities for milk drying, product manufacture and cattle feed manufacture have been installed. All its products are manufactured under the most hygienic conditions. All dairy plants of the unions are ISO 9001-2000, ISO 22000 and HACCP certified. GCMMF (AMUL)’s Total Quality Management ensures the quality of products right from the starting point (milk producer) through the value chain until it reaches the consumer. Ever since the movement was launched fifty-five years ago, Gujarat’s Dairy Cooperatives have brought about a significant social and economic change to our rural people. The Dairy Cooperatives have helped in ending the exploitation of farmers and demonstrated that when our rural producers benefit, the community and nation benefits as well. The Gujarat Cooperative Milk Marketing Federation Ltd. cannot be viewed simply as a business enterprise. It is an institution created by the milk producers themselves to primarily safeguard their interest economically, socially as well as democratically. Business houses create profit in order to distribute it to the shareholders. In the case of GCMMF the surplus is ploughed back to farmers through the District Unions as well as the village societies. This circulation of capital with value addition within the structure not only benefits the final beneficiary – the farmer – but eventually contributes to the development of the village community. This is the most significant contribution the Amul Model cooperatives have made in building the Nation. . 2the three-tier Amul model The Amul Model is a three-tier cooperative structure. This structure consists of a Dairy Cooperative Society at the village level affiliated to a Milk Union at the District level which in turn is further federated into a Milk Federation at the State level. The above three-tier structure was set-up in ord er to delegate the various functions; milk collection is done at the Village Dairy Society, Milk Procurement & Processing at the District Milk Union and Milk & Milk Products Marketing at the State Milk Federation. This helps in eliminating not only internal competition but also ensuring that economies of scale are achieved. As the above structure was first evolved at Amul in Gujarat and thereafter replicated all over the country under the Operation Flood Programme, it is known as the ‘Amul Model’ or ‘Anand Pattern’ of Dairy Cooperatives. Responsible for Marketing of Milk & Milk Products Responsible for Procurement & Processing of Milk Responsible for Collection of Milk Responsible for Milk Production. Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS) The milk producers of a village, having surplus milk after own consumption, come together and form a Village Dairy Cooperative Society (VDCS). The Village Dairy Cooperative is the primary society under the three-tier structure. It has membership of milk producers of the village and is governed by an elected Management Committee consisting of 9 to 12 elected representatives of the milk producers based on the principle of one member, one vote. The village society further appoints a Secretary (a paid employee and member secretary of the Management Committee) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Secretary in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the VDCS are as follows: ? Collection of surplus milk from the milk producers of the village & payment based on quality & quantity ? Providing support services to the members like Veterinary First Aid, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, conducting training on Animal Husbandry & Dairying, etc. ? Selling liquid milk for local consumers of the village ? Supplying milk to the District Milk Union Thus, the VDCS in an independent entity managed locally by the milk producers and assisted by the District Milk Union. District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union (Milk Union) The Village Societies of a District (ranging from 75 to 1653 per Milk Union in Gujarat) having surplus milk after local sales come together and form a District Milk Union. The Milk Union is the second tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of Village Dairy Societies of the District and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of 9 to 18 elected representatives of the Village Societies. The Milk Union further appoints a professional Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his / her daily duties. The main functions of the Milk Union are as follows: ? Procurement of milk from the Village Dairy Societies of the District. ? Arranging transportation of raw milk from the VDCS to the Milk Union. ? Providing input services to the producers like Veterinary Care, Artificial Insemination services, cattle-feed sales, mineral mixture sales, fodder & fodder seed sales, etc. Conducting training on Cooperative Development, Animal Husbandry & Dairying for milk producers and conducting specialised skill development & Leadership Development training for VDCS staff & Management Committee members. ? Providing management support to the VDCS along with regular supervision of its activities. ? Establish Chilling Centres & Dairy Plants f or processing the milk received from the villages. ? Selling liquid milk & milk products within the District. ? Process milk into various milk & milk products as per the requirement of State Marketing Federation. ? Decide on he prices of milk to be paid to milk producers as well on the prices of support services provided to members. State Cooperative Milk Federation (Federation) The Milk Unions of a State are federated into a State Cooperative Milk Federation. The Federation is the apex tier under the three-tier structure. It has membership of all the cooperative Milk Unions of the State and is governed by a Board of Directors consisting of one elected representative of each Milk Union. The State Federation further appoints a Managing Director (paid employee and member secretary of the Board) for management of the day-to-day functions. It also employs various people for assisting the Managing Director in accomplishing his daily duties. The main functions of the Federation are as follows: 1. Marketing of milk & milk products processed / manufactured by Milk Unions. 2. Establish distribution network for marketing of milk & milk products. 3. Arranging transportation of milk & milk products from the Milk Unions to the market. 4. Creating & maintaining a brand for marketing of milk & milk products (brand building). 5. Providing support services to the Milk Unions & members like Technical Inputs, management support & advisory services. . Pooling surplus milk from the Milk Unions and supplying it to deficit Milk Unions. 7. Establish feeder-balancing Dairy Plants for processing the surplus milk of the Milk Unions. mmon purchase of raw materials used in manufacture / packaging of milk products. The dairy industry in India and particularly in the State of Gujarat looks very different. India for one has emerged as the largest milk producing country in the World. Gujarat has emerged as the most successful State in terms of milk and milk product production through its cooperative dairy movement. The Kaira District Cooperative Milk Producers’ Union Limited, Anand has become the focal point of dairy development in the entire region and AMUL has emerged as one of the most recognized brands in India, ahead of many international brands. Today, we have around 176 cooperative dairy Unions formed by 1,25,000 dairy cooperative societies having a total membership of around 13 million farmers on the same pattern, who are processing and marketing milk and milk products profitably, be it Amul in Gujarat or Verka in Punjab, Vijaya in Andhra Pradesh or a Nandini in Karnataka. This entire process has created more than 190 dairy processing plants spread all over India with large investments by these farmers’ institutions. These cooperatives today collect approximately 23 million kgs. of milk per day and pay an aggregate amount of more than Rs. 125 billion to the milk producers in a year. 2. OBJECTIVES OF STUDY 1. To ascertain the effectiveness of advertisements towards the sales of Amul chocolate. 2. To know the range of products, offered by the company. 3. To know the relationship of sales with the advertisement. 4. To know awareness of people towards Amul chocolates. 5. To know which advertisement tool is mostly preferred by people. 6. To know the preference of Amul chocolates with comparison to other competitive brands. 7. To know the factors which affects consumer’s buying behaviour to purchase chocolates. 8. To know the market position of AMUL as a brand. Plants First plant is at ANAND, which is engaged in the manufacturing of milk, butter, ghee, milk powder, flavoured milk and buttermilk. [pic] Second plant is at MOGAR, which engaged in manufacturing chocolate, Nutramul, Amul Ganthia and Amul lite. [pic] Third plant is at Kanjari, which produces cattelfeed. pic] Fourth plant is at Khatraj, which engaged in producing cheese. [pic] Today, twelve dairies are producing different products under the brand name Amul. Today Amul dairy is no. 1 dairy in Asia and no. 2 in the world, which is matter of proud for Gujarat and whole India. 3. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY There are two sources used for methodology: 1. Primary sources 2. Secondary sources Primar y sources:  A primary source is the most direct place you can find the information you want to write about. For example, Census. gov would be an article detailing the number would not be considered primary. Some other examples of primary sources are peer reviewed research publications, journals, diaries, legal documents, government records, original maps, photographs, original manuscripts, institutional records, or national archives. Secondary sources:  secondary source of information is one that was created  later  by someone . Examples of secondary sources include literary criticism, biographies, encyclopaedia articles, and journal articles critiquing the work of others. There are of two types: 1. Internal sources: publish broachers, official reports etc. 2. External sources: periodicals, journals, newspapers, internet. RESEARCH PROBLEM  ¬ Increase the awareness level of AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ Seek the general perception of consumer towards AMUL CHOCOLATE.  ¬ To find the performance of AMUL CHOCOLATE vis-a-vis other brands.  ¬ To know the consumer psyche and their behaviour towards AMUL CHOCOLATE. Information requirement  · First, I had to know about all the competitors present in the chocolate segment (Reputed and well established brands as well as Local brands).  · Before going for the survey I had to know the comparative prices of all the competitors existing in the market. Since chocolate is a product that attracts children and youngsters hence I had to trace the market and segment it, which mainly deals with people of various age groups.  · As chocolate is different product, the main information needed is the various types of chocolates available in the market, their calorific value and various other facts.  · As Amul ch ocolate advertisements are mainly done through hoardings but on television the advertisement is being telecasted timely and on the proper time or not. AMUL CHOCOLATE is made from Sugar, Cocoa Butter, Milk Solids, Chocolate mass. Composition:  · Milk Fat 2%  · Sugar 55%  · Total Fat 32. 33% (Milk Fat + Cocoa Fat)  · Cocoa Solids 7. 5%  · Milk Solids 20% RESEARCH INSTRUMENT USED – DETAILS If one wants to know what type of dentifrice people use, what they think of, television commercials, or why they buy particular brands of cars, the natural procedure is to ask them. Thus, the questionnaire method has come to be the more widely used of the two data collection method. A questionnaire consists of list of questions to be asked from the respondents and the space provided to record the answer / responses. Questionnaire can be used for the personal interviews, focus groups, mails and telephonic interviews. The choice among these alternatives is largely determined by the type of information to be obtained and by the type of respondents from whom it is to be obtained. The common factor in all varieties of the questionnaire method is this reliance on verbal responses to question, written or oral. Questionnaire in the project consists of: ? Multiple choice questions ? Dicthomus MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS: Questions of this type offer the respondents an alternative to choose the right answer among others. It is faster, time saving and less biased. It also simplifies the tabulating process. OPEN END QUESTIONS: In this type respondents are free to answer in their own words and express the ideas they think are relevant, such questions are good as first questions or opening questions. They introduce the subject and obtain general reaction. DICTHOMUS: These are the questions which are Boolean in nature. These answers are straightforward and respondents have to answer them in a straight way. That means the answer can only be either ‘Yes† or ‘No’. SAMPLING TECHNIQUE USED & SAMPLE SIZE 1. Sampling Technique: Non probability sampling 2. Sample Unit: People who buy chocolates available in retail outlets, superstores, etc 3. Sample size: 100 respondents (Age ranging between 15 yrs to 65 yrs) 4. Method: Direct interview through questionnaire. 5. Data analysis method: Graphical method. 6. Area of survey: Delhi 7. Timing of survey: 9. 00 am to 12. 30 pm and 5. 00 pm to8. 00 pm. The software used for compiling of records and analysing the data is: Microsoft Excel and microsoft Word. 5. MARKET ANALYSIS PRIMARY TABULATION & INTERPRETATION [1] What kind of Chocolate do you eat? Branded 92 % Non-branded 08% [pic] INFERENCE 92% respondents in the region of Delhi consume Branded Chocolates, while 8% still consume non branded. [2] Who uses chocolates in your family? Children 34 % Teenager 33 % Young 26 % Old 07 % [pic] INFERENCE Mostly children & teenagers like chocolates in families. So we should lay stress on children & teenager segment to increase market share. Young people also use chocolates for giving as a gift. [3] What form of Chocolate do you like? Cookies 14% Bar 60% Wafer 20% Other 06% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram suggests that the most preferred form is bar i. . 60%, followed by wafer i. e. 20%, Cookies are all time favourites with 14% while other forms are preferred to the extent of 6%. [4] Do you buy chocolates watching advertisements? YES 88% NO 12% [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram shows that 88% of the people are influenced by advertisements for purchase of chocolates, whereas 12% are not. [5] Which Television channel you like to watch mos t? STAR 50 ZEE 15 SONY 10 CARTOON 20 Others 5 [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like STAR channel. This channel is very popular among all the age group people. SONY & CARTOON channels are also popular but not as STAR. In other channels sports and news channels are preferred. CARTOON channel is specially preferred by children. So it will be more beneficial to give advertisements on STAR & CARTOON channels, it covers all the age groups. [6] In between what time you like to watch television? Timings _____________ 5 to 8 pm 33 % 8 to 11 pm 37 % Late Night 10 % Morning 15 % Afternoon 05 % [pic] INFERENCE From the survey it was found that 37% of the respondents like to watch T. V. after 8 pm to 11 pm. Because Mostly people belong to service class & females in the families got their work by this time. At 5 to 8 pm 33% respondents in which especially children watch cartoon channel & etc. so it is good to advertise on preferred channels on these timings. [7] By which media you prefer to watch advertisements? Television 67 % Hoardings 17 % Newspapers 08 % Magazines 05 % Others (Mention) 03% [pic] INFERENCE Mostly people like to watch an advertisement through Television because most of them belong to service class. Children are getting attracted through advertisement on television and hoardings. Company tries to give attractive advertisement through T. V. and hoardings because advertisement through hoardings is less costly. 8] What factors effects you in a chocolate advertisement? Brand ambassador 20 Jingles 35 Comedy15 Music 10 Emotions 15 Others (Mention) 05 [pic] INFERENCE Jingles leave a long lasting impression; people were able to recall a lot of jingles associated with chocolates. Also, the brand ambassador and the comedy in the advertisement can be effective to create an impres sion in people’s mind. [9] Have you ever tasted Amul Chocolate? Yes 90 % No 10 % [pic] INFERENCE The chart shows that 90% respondents have tasted Amul Chocolate, while still 10% have not tried Amul Chocolates. Amul must use proper techniques in order to cater the needs of every common man. [10] Can you recall AMUL Chocolate advertisement? Yes 32 % No 68% [pic] INFERENCE Here it was observed that only 32% respondents in the city of Delhi were able to recall Amul Chocolate advertisement. This shows how much Amul lags behind in promotional activities and advertisement. Therefore Amul must use strong promotional activities and advertisement in order to retain their potential Consumers. [11] Which Chocolate do you like most? Nestle 28% Cadbury 58% Amul 13% Any other 01% [pic] INFERENCE We can clearly gauge from the pie chart that Cadbury being on the top slot with 58% market share dominates the chocolate market, followed by Nestle with 28% share, whereas Amul have only 13% market share and thus lags behind. [12] What is the frequency of purchasing Chocolate? Daily 17 % Weekly 22 % Fortnightly 13 % Occasionally 48 % [pic] INFERENCE The frequency of chocolate differ a lot where 17% respondents buy it daily, 22% weekly, 13% fortnightly, and there is a huge chunk of people who buy chocolate occasionally. [13] How do you scale your chocolate? [pic] INFERENCE The above diagram can be inferred as follows: CADBURY: people are highly satisfied with the taste of the Cadbury chocolate and its availability is also very good as compared to any other brand. However the price of Cadbury is not very satisfactory. NESTLE: the Nestle chocolates are not easily available however people seem to be quite satisfied with its taste. AMUL: people seem to be satisfied with the prices but, the chocolates lacks in easy availability and taste. OTHERS: these comprise of the non branded chocolates or smaller brands, people are satisfied with its price but not with the taste and availability. MY FINDINGS: ? Lack of awareness in consumers, many people does not know about Amul chocolates including children and teenagers. ? During the survey it was found that still there are 10% people who have not tasted Amul Chocolate. ? When I interviewed people then many among them could not recall Amul chocolate advertisement. It shows Lack of promotion or advertisement is not timely given or advertisement is not given on right time. ? Amul is not using any brand ambassador in its advertisement which attracts people of all age group, specifically teenagers. There is lack of sales promotional activities , for example : free tattoo, Extra weight, toys, quiz contest etc.. ? As I found that the main product of Amul is Milk and company firstly wants to capture maximum market share in milk market which is approx. 66%, after that Amul is concentrating upon butter & cheese which has market share of approx. 88%, so it is not concentrating upon chocolates. ? Cadbury is main competitor and strateg ically better performer then Amul. ? I found that â€Å"Amul† brand name has very good image in consumer’s mind and they consider it as pure & good product. People who have tasted Amul Chocolate are not ready to purchase the same again. 6. LIMITATIONS 1. Non-cooperative approach and rude behaviour of the respondents. 2. When I interviewed children and teenagers, sometimes they use to give answers under the influence of their parents or elders. 3. People were not willing to answer and give their time to fill the questionnaire because of the summer season. 4. If the respondents answer does not falls between amongst the options given then it will turn up to be a biased answer. 5. The respondents had to be made understand the questions because the questionnaire was in English and not all respondents could understand it well. 7. CONCLUSION As we know that Amul is a very big organization and market leader in dairy products. It has maximum market share in Milk, Butter and Cheese, which are its main/core products. As we know Amul is a co-operative organisation but chocolate industry is a profitable industry which can’t be ignored. With the help of research, company can find out its week points in chocolate product and can increase its market share through rectify mistakes. People have believed in Amul’s product and they will accept its chocolates also if effective actions are taken. The survey resulted into following conclusions: ? Amul must come up with new promotional activities such that people become aware about Amul Chocolates like Chocozoo, Bindaaz, and Fundoo. ? Quality is the dominating aspect which influences consumer to purchase Amul product, but prompt availability of other chocolate brands and aggressive promotional activities by others influences the consumer towards them and also leads to increase sales. In comparison to Amul Chocolate, the other players such as Cadbury, Nestle, and Perfetti provide a better availability and give competition to the hilt. ? People are mostly satisfied with the overall quality of Amul Chocolate, but for the existence in the local market Amul must use aggressive selling techniques. 8. SCOPE OF IMPROVEMENT In order to maintain and increase the sales in the city of Delhi, the following recommendations r egarding Amul Chocolates; particularly regarding advertisement, distribution, promotional policies, etc, are hereby suggested: ? First and foremost Amul should take proper action in order to improve its service, because although being on a top slot in butter and milk supplies it does not get the sales in chocolate, which it should get. ? Company should use brand ambassador which attracts each age segment i. e. Sania Mirza, Shaktimaan, Amitabh Bacchan, Superman, Krrish, Jadoo etc. ? Try and change the perception of the people through word of mouth about Amul in advertisements, because they are the best source to reach Children and families. ? Though Amul chocolate advertisements are rarely shown on television yet many people could recall it as per the data of research. It shows that there is only need to give advertisement only to rememorize customers. Because Amul is a very strong brand name. ? Company should launch chocolate in new attractive packing to change image of Amul chocolate in consumers mind. ? Company should introduce sales promotion schemes like free weight, pranky, tattoo, contest, free gifts etc. ? Advertisement can be done with the help of animations that attracts children and teenagers because chocolates are consumed largely in this segment. ? Company should launch chocolates in new flavours like – Mix Fruit Pineapple Elaichi Coffee Strawberry Banana

The Success of Tyler Perry

Andrea Fields Professor Vickers ENC 1101 March 21, 2013 The Success of Tyler Perry Tyler Perry grew up living with his parents in New Orleans. Once he became grown he moved to Atlanta, Georgia. Tyler knew that black people were very successful in Atlanta. Tyler Perry was hoping to be a play writer. In the process of trying to become a play writer, he went from being homeless, to being recognized, to being successful. In the move to Atlanta, life was not easy for Tyler Perry. He would land jobs in small supermarkets, so he could save money to put towards his first production.He had written a play called â€Å"I’ve been changed. † Finally he had saved up enough money for the production of the play. First, Tyler rented a small theatre that seated 215 people. Second, he had auditions and found his cast, but on opening night only 30 people showed up. Tyler lost everything. He had put every dime he had into that play. Tyler Perry had become homeless, he had nothing to eat and he was sleeping in his car. His mother pleaded with him to come back home, but he refused. He was determined to do his play. For the next seven years he did plays and they would fail.He said â€Å"This is what God wants me to do. Tyler Perry had made up in his mind to try one his plays one last time. This time he would do it different. The first steps to his success were when he visited several black churches to learn the style of the different choirs, to observe the congregation, and of course, to listen to the preacher. He took all that he learned to the stage. On opening night he was afraid and wanted to quit. Tyler Perry quoted, â€Å"At that moment I heard God clear as day, I tell you when it’s over you don’t tell me, go look out the window. When Tyler went to look out of the window the line was around the corner, as it was each night. After that Tyler Perry was recognized across the east coast. That was the beginning of his success. Over the years he did plays across the east coast. His second step to success was when he came up with the character Madea, everyone wanted to see his plays. His shows were always sold out. Tyler was not stopping there, he wanted to make movies. The only problem was he was not heard of on the west coast.Whatever play Tyler Perry does there is always a message to learn from. However, studios in Hollywood said he would have to tone the messages down if he wanted to make movies, but Tyler would not compromise. He ended up in a partnership with a small production company called Lionsgate Studios. That was his third and major step to his success. Tyler Perry went from making movies to producing sitcoms for network television. Tyler Perry reached his fame. He is rich and successful. Tyler is an actor, an entrepreneur, and he is still acting to this very day.The man never let his situation stop him from succeeding. â€Å"What sets the survivors apart is their resilience- the ability to endure and even thrive under stressful conditions. † Alice Lesch Kelly (232). Tyler Perry had to jump over many hurdles in order to be a successful man. Every step he took to rise to the top he took them in stride. He wanted to give up but he did not because of his faith in God. Works Cited Kelly Lesch, Alice. â€Å"Toughen Up! .† Hall, Kim Flachmann and Michael. The Prose Reader. Boston: Ninth edition Prentice Hall, 2011. 231-232.

A society & dominated Essay

In a society dominated by pop culture, fashion always comes into play. For pop culture always requires novelty, and people has to keep up with the trends as time changes. Fashion has affected almost all aspect of the Homo sapiens way of living for it is the key to change. And because fashion takes many forms as time changes it had even infiltrated our mindset in setting a standard for a good physique—the very idea of sexy per se. In line with this, two writers discuss how fashion has greatly affected the psyche of both male and female of this generation as to how they perceive the image of a sexy person. Andrea Heiman in her article â€Å"When a Fad Does a Body Harm† and Rita Kemply’s article â€Å"Boys and the Beefcake Images† have pointed out that fashion has created a venue for other people to abuse their body and to live an unhealthy lifestyle. That is girls starving themselves to death to look perfectly thin and boys excessively using steroids to live up to the very concept of machismo today. Both Heiman and Kemply agree that a change in fashion as subject to the body form of both men and women has become hazardous to health. However the two authors have taken different sides to explain why this scenario happens. On the one hand Heiman, the feminist said that women starved themselves to death because being thin has become the epitome of looking really good to most men. As women strive to be part of the arena dominated by men, fashion has created ways to repress them. By looking frail men still claims their superiority over women. On the other hand Kemply perceive that the primary reason why men use steroids to maintain the so-called masculine image is that they are being judge with their physicality. Kemply said that women have created a standard that most men look attractive when they have muscles, lean body and no beer bellies. Both authors were able to explain how fashion can become hazardous to one’s health. However it is not sound that the reason why these circumstances happen is blamed on the perception of male and female toward the ideal look of a sexy body. For both genders are just victims of the so called pop culture. Moreover, pop culture has their psyche conditioned to that kind of notion to a point that their self-esteem becomes low. People should not judge a person based on how he or she looks. A standard of looking sexy should not be made for it is not the physical aspects of a person that counts most when we are trying to build a healthy relationship. In addition, fashion should be the melting pot of change that could benefit every regardless of gender. It should not be the key to affect the mentality of everyone that would cause to detrimental effects to our body.

The Methods of Selection in the Recruitment Process Assignment

The Methods of Selection in the Recruitment Process - Assignment Example If the organization does not come to terms with these methods of selection, it hires other companies which search for the required talent. However, what is needed here is an understanding that shall reach upon the premise of hiring people who are skilled enough to deliver the goods as and when required. Recruitment process is important to understand within an organization because it is the basis of resource provision that employers look forward to having (Bierman, 2002). The recruitment process paves the way for the growth and development domains of an organization since it finds the ways and means through which success will be deciphered in a proper way. What is even more significant is the way under which the human resources management department deals with the process of recruitment that shall only make the entire process understandable to the publics who are outside the domains of the organization (Noe, 2009). These publics would want to know what kind of recruitment strategies a re in place within the organization and where the hiring regimes are coming into full action. Since these publics have a fair amount of say within the working methodologies, it is only natural to think of the discussion of stakeholders because these stakeholders have one or the other stake within the organization. Either the shares are being looked after by these stakeholders or they have invested a fair bit under the aegis of the organization (Laser, 1994). The need is to realize where the stakeholders deem the company in a positive way and what kind of optimism they have in mind regarding the chosen organization. In the same light, the organizational discourse must find a way through which the recruitment processes are handled in an ethical and moral way. If the hiring and firing domains are settled properly by the selection methodologies which are in place, then this should mean that the organization is doing something right for the new hires. This would be translated in the form of people joining its fore and aspiring to become a part of it in the coming times as well (Mckinney, 1991). However, many organizations are not well equipped to tackle all these issues and end up being at the receiving end of the public wrath for a number of reasons. The recruitment processes within China and the United Kingdom are important to understand because it outlines the basis of properly utilizing the resources within the domains of an organization. If the recruitment process manifests time delays and similar issues, then it would mean that there are serious problems that exist within the fore of hiring individuals within an organizational setting. Therefore the role of the human resources management department

Explain and Evaluate Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches Assignment

Explain and Evaluate Psychodynamic and Humanistic Approaches - Assignment Example There are the following categories in this approach: the psychoanalysis, analytical psychotherapy (named after Alfred Adler), Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut) and others (Brief Psychodynamic Therapy). Psychodynamic psychologists claim that human behavior is determined by three different parts of human psyche: id (biological drives), ego and superego. Unconscous is between the last two categories. Basically, the original theory of Sigmund Freud is that the main conflicts in human life were rooted in the human existence itself. These processes exert influence on human behavior subconsciously. The main principle of psychodynamic approach is that unconscious helps people to be better aware of an individual’s needs and behavior. Therefore, human beings are able to follow the way conflicts influence our lives. Another approach of Alderian psychotherapy is directed on people’s ability to overcome their emotions and feelings. It is also possible to direct clients’ striving for the social sphere or another kind of a human activity. Thus, people are able to change their behavior, correct their mistakes, behaviors and feelings. This approach of psychodynamics is based on a constant encouragement of individuals to reach confidence; a feeling of self-protection and self-enhancement and thus they would be able to make essential social contributions. Carl Jung is another representative of psychodynamic approach. His ideas are based on the important role of unconscious in the life of an individual, though he broadened his vision and added issues of mythology, concepts of culture etc. Thus, in accordance with the ideas of Jung, an individual has to achieve harmony of conscious and unconscious. Psychopathology developed by Heinz Kohut refers to the important role of childhood reminiscences in the life of an individual. The formation of a conscious self occurs in the process of projection of childhood’s reminiscences in the adulthood. Real life applicatio n of the theory It should be noted that in the real life this approach is applicable for any individual and this approach is considered to be rather effective. Psychological pathologies and irrational behavior of a client may be effectively treated with the help of psychodynamic approach. Nevertheless, such drawbacks as a lack of individual’s reminiscences from his past may prevent success of the therapy. Research methods Methods of psychodynamic approach are often criticized. Psychologists usually interpret data that support evident facts. Moreover, methods lack objectivity, because can be interpreted in a different manner. Psychodynamic approach is based on theoretical constructs, which are hard to interpret (e.g. unconscious). Still, the main advantage of this approach is its uniqueness in determining irrational human behavior. â€Å"Cure talking† of this approach is effective in irrelevant behavior correction (Chapter 7—Brief Psychodynamic Therapy). Humanist ic approach in psychology Humanistic psychotherapy implies a wide range of various issues related to a patient, such as his mind, body and spirit. The main difference of this approach from other psychological approaches is making an emphasis on subjective meaning and focus on positive change and not on pathology. Moreover, humanists underline the importance of subjective concerns in behavior of an individual. It also implies that each patient has his own abilities of self-healing. Abraham Maslow is the most important

Interaction between business strategy and the use of guanxi in China Research Proposal

Interaction between business strategy and the use of guanxi in China - Research Proposal Example The guanxi business strategy will be measured according to the various aspects of business that can be influenced when it is implemented on individuals in the market. This research aims at collecting data that will be used to analyze the situation and give objective recommendations on the best business strategy to adopt in the whole issue for businesses to be sustainable. INTRODUCTION Background to Guanxi Guanxi is dated to very long in the history of the Chinese where there were many political and social upheavals in which people were killed and resources destroyed (Leung et al, 2011, p801). In those times, people were disintegrated and fought against each other as well as exploiting the weak to gain some properties from them and dominate them (Kang et al, 2007, p45). As a result guanxi was formed, which is a term that means a network through which people relate and help each other to secure favors as individual or in business and hence promote the wellbeing of each other. The Confu cius codified the individual, family and societal ties, which specified the responsibilities of different people in their environment and laid the expectation of the society on different people to ensure they fulfill them. During the times when China face social and political instabilities, the relationships established were important in preventing the spread of injustices and wars among the members who related with each other (Langenberg, 2007, p33). The Chinese society is established in units of families, in which the members have a certain kind of relationship that could be defined by blood, neighborhood, friendship or involving classmates who shared a class in school. All the members in this family are very loyal to each other but on the contrary, they have similar level of distrust on the non-members who could be around them (Tan and Chee, 2005, p204). This means that in order to extend business favor to any person in the Chinese society, the first consideration is the ties a p erson has with the one who possesses it and is ready to give out (Lee, Reiche and Song, 2010, p164). The people who are members of this same family are connected together in relation to a system of reciprocity and equity and that helps them to treat each other well so that they can also receive particular favors from them (Jin, Cheng and Yunjie, 2009, p161). On the other hand, there are different consequences that are associated with disregard to the commitment to one’s family whereby the errant loses his or her social reputation and prestige, which is a very important thing in the relationship of the people with each other (Guan, 2011, p5). Business interactions in China are established on the bases of these ties and they contribute to decisions that a person takes in a transaction or a venture that can extend a certain favor to a person or to both (Ruehle, 2010, p9). Guanxi principles have permeated to the political and other social relations to disrupt laws of justice that are enacted to curb favoritism because personal judgment is the conviction that people have to enable them to have all they need (Luo, 1995, p248 and; Luo and Chen, 1997, p7). In this respect, loyalty to the family becomes a very important thing, more than the loyalty one has on the government or other institution of the society that has similar or contrasting demands

Ask ls week 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Ask ls week 2 - Essay Example These include a person, as a researcher, and other stakeholders. What are some of the things one ought to have or consider when conducting such a research? One of the most common challenges when conduction a research is personal bias which might for example in this case be attributed to the fact that the researcher had participated in previous financial services projects. In this regard, what are some ways of ensuring such bias does not affect the outcome of your research? One of the key considerations to have when conducting a research is knowledge of your chosen area of research. According to you, do you think such previous knowledge and involvement in your area of research could be of any advantage when conducting a research? If yes why and how? In order to have effective research outcomes, the researcher has to have some research skills (Coghlan and Brannick 2010). What are some of the skills that are required to have, and especially in relation to the current study? It is evident that your AR research would be faced by many challenges, more so because it involves your organization as an, AR manager and that the people to incorporate in your research are your junior officers (Greenwood and Levin 2007). In this regard, what are some of the challenges that you may encounter during your research? And how would you overcome such challenges? Having indentified the problem of women officers not progressing to management ranks at KNBS may draw some mixed reactions and especially from male counterparts. In fact, your research may be influenced by some bias and especially when dealing with gender issues (Coghlan and Brannick 2010). What are some of the research techniques required in order to avoid such bias? Before one initialises a research, there must be a motive behind the research. What are some of the issues that instigate a research? What are some of the things to consider when starting a research

Personal development planing 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Personal development planing 2 - Essay Example Hearing her talk about her future sometimes makes me wonder how we could even be considered on the same path. Another friend of mine wants to work in management for a football club. He is obsessed with the sport, a sport that he is horrible at playing but loves watching. He feels that management in a club would be like working a dream job because he could be so close to the sport that he loves. I enjoy a good match every few days, but working in this environment seems to be very limited in scope, yet we are essentially on the same pathway. I see my future in my family business back home in Saudi Arabia. We have a diverse group of businesses that manages governmental contracting, infrastructure development, agricultural development and financial services such as insurance and investment. I am fortunate in that I have many opportunities available to me that most of my classmates do not have available to them. I do not believe that I have it any easier than my classmates, however. Not e veryone has a father that would willingly give them a high position in a construction firm or a financial services industry no matter how qualified. I know that my father would provide a position for me even if I did poorly at school and needed to drop out. That is not the person I wish to be, however. I want to do well within the family business and I have a desire to be an able manager in whatever position comes available. My first choice is to work in the infrastructure development branch of the company. Planning and implementing massive projects such as bridges, airports, desalinization plants and highways sounds exciting to me. This is my destination, but I need to follow the same pathway my classmates with different dreams have to follow. I can see that so far, one of the most important employability skills to development is a sense of integrity and an ethical sensitivity towards business decision making. I know that once I am working as a manager for my family company, I will be working with officials from the government because this is the single largest client for my family’s firm. Being dishonest in my dealings with these officials could do a lot of damage to my family’s company. One of the factors that come into play when bidding for government sponsored work in Saudi Arabia is the reputation for honesty the company has built up over generations. Acting without integrity could harm that reputation for many years to come. Integrity is important in a manager because I have learned that people in positions of leadership are often held to a higher standard than others. This may not be fair, because no one is perfect, but I have learned as I have travelled along this pathway that management is leadership and leadership requires faultless integrity if the support of subordinates is to be gained. A large part of my future career and something that I have enjoyed studying in this pathway is the ability to think critically and to apply problem- solving solutions to real life situations. As a manager in the family business, I will be confronted with a steady stream of problems to solve. What to do when suppliers do not come through with essential parts, how to resolve a conflict between supervisors and employees and operating within a budget while managing fluctuating supply and commodity prices are just a few of the problems I will need to solve. I have enjoyed the problems presented in some of my modules. I especially have been entertained and enlightened